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cipargamin   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 9721

Synonyms: KAE609 | NITD609
Antimalarial Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Cipargamin is an antimalarial drug candidate, under clinical development. It is the optimised lead for the spiroindolones, a novel class of compounds identified from a phenotypic screen as having antimalarial activity [3,9] and awarded MMV Project of the Year (2009).
The active enantiomer is shown here, with the 1R,3S configuration essential for antimalarial activity [3].

The Malaria tab on this ligand page provides additional curator comments of relevance to the Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

cipargamin is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 3
Rotatable bonds 0
Topological polar surface area 56.92
Molecular weight 389.05
XLogP 4.62
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CC1Cc2c3cc(F)c(cc3[nH]c2C2(N1)C(=O)Nc1c2cc(Cl)cc1)Cl
Isomeric SMILES C[C@H]1Cc2c3cc(F)c(cc3[nH]c2[C@@]2(N1)C(=O)Nc1c2cc(Cl)cc1)Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C19H14Cl2FN3O/c1-8-4-11-10-6-14(22)13(21)7-16(10)23-17(11)19(25-8)12-5-9(20)2-3-15(12)24-18(19)26/h2-3,5-8,23,25H,4H2,1H3,(H,24,26)/t8-,19+/m0/s1
InChI Key CKLPLPZSUQEDRT-WPCRTTGESA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Cipargamin is in clinical development with completion of several Phase 2 clinical trials (NCT01836458, NCT01524341, NCT01860989, NCT03334747) to assess safety and efficacy in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria.
Evaluation of piperaquine as a potential combination therapy partner indicates no significant effect on exposure to either compound and no safety concerns [6].
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
The exact mechanism of action of cipargamin is not fully understood but Plasmodium non-SERCA-type Ca2+-transporting P-ATPase (PfATP4) may be a possible target because mutatations in PfATP4 confer resistance to this compound [3]. PfATP4 is thought to regulate Na+ homeostasis and play a role in maintaining the low cytosolic Na+ concentration essential for the Plasmodium parasite to survive during the intraerythrocytic stages of development [5].
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial ID Title Type Source Comment References
NCT01860989 A Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety of KAE609 in Adult Patients With Acute Malaria Mono-infection Phase 2 Interventional Novartis
NCT01836458 A Study to Find the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of KAE609 in Adult Male Patients With P. Falciparum Monoinfection Phase 2 Interventional Novartis 2
NCT03334747 Safety of KAE609 in Adults With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria. Phase 2 Interventional Novartis 4
NCT04675931 To Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and PK of Intravenous Cipargamin in Participants With Severe Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Phase 2 Interventional Novartis Not yet recruiting (last updated March 2021).
NCT01524341 Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of KAE609 in Adult Patients With Acute, Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum or Vivax Malaria Mono-infection Phase 2 Interventional Novartis Rapid parasitemia clearance reported in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria. 8
Pharmacokinetics Click here for help
Elimination
Cipargamin has a mean terminal half-life for elimination of 20.8 hours (range of 11.3 to 37.6 hours), supporting a once-daily oral dosing regimen [8].