thalidomide   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 7327

Synonyms: K-17
Approved drug Immunopharmacology Ligand
thalidomide is an approved drug (FDA (1998), EMA (2008))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Thalidomide is principally an immunomodulatory drug. It inhibits synthesis of TNFα. Mechanistically, thalidomide binds to cereblon, and this complex recruits substrate proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin system. The lymphoid transcription factors Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3) have been identified as substrates for thalidomide-bound cereblon. More recently another transcription factor, PLZF (ZBTB16), has been reported as a potential thalidomide/cereblon substrate [7]. Knockdown of Plfz induces skeletal abnormalities in chicken limbs, so thalidomide-targeted degradation of PLZF would be predicted to exhibit similar teratogenic effects.

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Thalidomide + low-dose glucocorticoid is being evaluated for efficacy in severe COVID-19 pneumonia (preprint available here https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0395/v1). An alternative approach is examining the combination of thalidomide + celecoxib (which targets NF-κB to suppress production of inflammatory cytokines; see preprint DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26979.91689).
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 6
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 1
Topological polar surface area 87.04
Molecular weight 258.06
XLogP 0.92
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OC1=NC(=O)C(CC1)N1C(=O)c2c(C1=O)cccc2
Isomeric SMILES OC1=NC(=O)C(CC1)N1C(=O)c2c(C1=O)cccc2
InChI InChI=1S/C13H10N2O4/c16-10-6-5-9(11(17)14-10)15-12(18)7-3-1-2-4-8(7)13(15)19/h1-4,9H,5-6H2,(H,14,16,17)
InChI Key UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Classification Click here for help
Compound class Synthetic organic
Ligand families/groups PROTACs, molecular glues and other degraders
Approved drug? Yes (FDA (1998), EMA (2008))
WHO Essential Medicine WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) (23rd List, 2023). Access PDF version.
Click to view more information about the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.
IUPAC Name Click here for help
2-(6-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione
International Nonproprietary Names Click here for help
INN number INN
762 thalidomide
Synonyms Click here for help
K-17
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
Reactome Drug Reactome logo R-ALL-9681254
Reactome Reaction Reactome logo R-HSA-9681169
Other databases
CAS Registry No. 50-35-1
ChEMBL Ligand CHEMBL468
DrugBank Ligand DB01041
DrugCentral Ligand 2616
GtoPdb PubChem SID 178103899
Immunopaedia Search thalidomide
PubChem CID 5426
Search Google for chemical match using the InChIKey UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Search Google for chemicals with the same backbone UEJJHQNACJXSKW
Search PubMed clinical trials thalidomide
Search PubMed titles thalidomide
Search PubMed titles/abstracts thalidomide
UniChem Compound Search for chemical match using the InChIKey UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
UniChem Connectivity Search for chemical match using the InChIKey UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Wikipedia Thalidomide

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Tocris
Thalidomide (links to external site)
Cat. No. 0652