GtoPdb is requesting financial support from commercial users. Please see our sustainability page for more information.

compound 2 [PMID: 33085774]   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 11322

Antimalarial Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Compound 2 is a representative compound from a novel class of hybrid molecules, combining structural domains from azithromycin and chloroquine. It consists of an azalide scaffold linked to a chloroquinoline aromate and demonstrates improved antimalarial efficacy over the parent compounds [1].
2D Structure
Click here for help

2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

✖
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help

Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

✖
Hydrogen bond acceptors 16
Hydrogen bond donors 5
Rotatable bonds 13
Topological polar surface area 194
Molecular weight 966.57
XLogP 4.95
No. Lipinski's rules broken 2

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help

SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

✖
Canonical SMILES CC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@](C2)(C)OC)O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2OCCCNc2ccnc3c2ccc(c3)Cl)N(C)C)[C@](C[C@H](CN([C@@H]([C@H]([C@]1(C)O)O)C)C)C)(C)O
Isomeric SMILES CC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@](C2)(C)OC)O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2OCCCNc2ccnc3c2ccc(c3)Cl)N(C)C)[C@](C[C@H](CN([C@@H]([C@H]([C@]1(C)O)O)C)C)C)(C)O
InChI InChI=1S/C50H83ClN4O12/c1-15-39-50(10,60)43(56)32(6)55(13)27-28(2)25-48(8,59)45(30(4)41(31(5)46(58)65-39)66-40-26-49(9,61-14)44(57)33(7)64-40)67-47-42(38(54(11)12)23-29(3)63-47)62-22-16-20-52-36-19-21-53-37-24-34(51)17-18-35(36)37/h17-19,21,24,28-33,38-45,47,56-57,59-60H,15-16,20,22-23,25-27H2,1-14H3,(H,52,53)/t28-,29-,30+,31-,32-,33+,38+,39-,40+,41+,42-,43-,44+,45-,47+,48-,49-,50-/m1/s1
InChI Key KZRUOZJPVVJKAE-ZPHCEPPYSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
Bioactivity Comments
Compound 2 was assayed against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria and found to demonstrate only minor activity (M. catarrhalis, MIC 16 μg/ml) [1].
Whole organism assay data
Key to terms and symbols Click on species/strain names for details Click column headers to sort
MOA/likely target Sp. Assay description Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
Unknown MOA Pf7G8

Plasmodium falciparum 7G8

P. falciparum strain 7G8 (Pf7G8) was subcloned from the IMTM22 strain by limiting dilution. The original IMTM22 strain was isolated from a 12 year old male near Manaus, Brazil in 1980.
Pf7G8 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4). This strain is a gametocyte producer and is reported to be chloroquine-sensitive and pyrimethamine-resistant.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.5 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.5 (IC50 3x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA PfV1/S

Plasmodium falciparum V1/S

P. falciparum strain V1/S (PfV1/S) is an in vitro culture-adapted clone of V1, that originated in Vietnam.
PfV1/S can be obtained from the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be resistant to chloroquine and quinine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.3 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA PfK1

Plasmodium falciparum K1

P. falciparum strain K1 (PfK1) was isolated in Kanchanaburi, Thailand in 1979.
PfK1 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be a multidrug-resistant strain.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.3 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA PfFCR3

Plasmodium falciparum FCR3

P. falciparum strain FCR3 (PfFCR3) was originally isolated from a patient in The Gambia, West Africa in 1976.
PfFCR3 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4). Differences in sensitivity of PfFCR3 clones to chloroquine have been reported, with the original isolate that was chloroquine sensitive rapidly acquiring resistance in culture (PMID: 7031656, PMID: 51801).
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.3 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA Pf3D7

Plasmodium falciparum 3D7

P. falciparum strain 3D7 (Pf3D7) was derived from isolate NF54 by limiting dilution. The complete genome of Pf3D7 has been sequenced (GenBank: LN999946.1).
Pf3D7 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is sensitive to a panel of antimalarial compounds including chloroquine and pyrimethamine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.2 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.2 (IC50 6x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA PfDd2

Plasmodium falciparum Dd2

P. falciparum strain Dd2 (PfDd2) is a clone derived from PfW2, following continuous culture in mefloquine. PfW2 was cloned from the Indochina III/CDC isolate, originally derived from a Laotian patient who failed chloroquine therapy.
PfDd2 can be obtained from the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.2 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.2 (IC50 6x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)
Unknown MOA PfW2

Plasmodium falciparum W2

P. falciparum strain W2 (PfW2) was cloned from the Indochina III/CDC isolate, originally derived from a Laotian patient who failed chloroquine therapy.
PfW2 can be obtained from the European Malaria Reagent Repository or the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) and is reported to be resistant to chloroquine and susceptible to mefloquine.
✖
 Parasite growth inhibition assay - - 8.1 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 8.1 (IC50 7x10-9 M) [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation [1]
Lifecycle stages: Plasmodium asexual blood stage (erythrocytic merozoite, trophozoite, erythrocytic schizont)