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ADGRA3

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Target id: 199

Nomenclature: ADGRA3

Family: Adhesion Class GPCRs

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 1321 4p15.2 ADGRA3 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3 13
Mouse 7 1310 5 B3 Adgra3 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3
Rat 7 1455 14q11 Adgra3 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
TEM5L | TEM5-like | PGR21 | GPR125 (G protein-coupled receptor 125)
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb agra3_human (Hs), agra3_mouse (Mm)
Other databases
Alphafold
CATH/Gene3D
ChEMBL Target
Ensembl Gene
Entrez Gene
Human Protein Atlas
KEGG Gene
OMIM
Pharos
RefSeq Nucleotide
RefSeq Protein
UniProtKB
Wikipedia
Agonist Comments
No ligands identified: orphan receptor.
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
G protein (identity unknown)
Comments:  Principal transduction via dishevelled [7].
References: 
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
G protein (identity unknown)
References: 
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Skeletal muscle, prostate, testis, colon >> heart, placenta, pancreas, small intestine > brain, spleen, thymus. Not detected in lung or white blood cells.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blotting.
References:  13
High expression in skeletal muscle, prostate, testis and colon, low expression in heart, placenta and small intestine, present in various human tumors of breast, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidney, small intestine, colon, ovary, fallopian tube, uterus
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blot and RT-PCR
References:  13
Spermatogonia
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry and Western blot.
References:  3
Lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, colliculus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  In situ hybridisation
References:  9
Seminiferous tubules, germ cells, spermatogonial progenitor cells (SPCs) spermatogonial-derived stem cells (MASCs)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR
References:  4,12
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
ADGRA3-positive spermatogonia proliferated, indicating that ADGRA3-positive spermatogonia possess the proliferative features of human spermatogonial stem cells and progenitors
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Spermatogonia
Response measured:  Proliferation
References:  3
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Has a role in repopulating spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the adult human testes
Species:  Human
Tissue:  Testis
References:  5
May have a role in the development of spermatogonia, predicted to have a role in germ cell development
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Testis
References:  12
Plays a functional role in choroidal and hippocampal response to injury
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Choroid plexus
References:  9
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Gpr125tm1Rafi Gpr125tm1Rafi/Gpr125tm1Rafi
involves: C57BL/6J
MGI:1917943  MP:0002169 no abnormal phenotype detected PMID: 17882221 
Biologically Significant Variants Click here for help
Type:  Splice variant
Species:  Human
Description:  The physiological effect of this variant is unknown
Amino acids:  1321
Nucleotide accession: 
Protein accession: 
References:  2
General Comments
ADGRA3 (formerly GPR125) is an orphan receptor that belongs to Family III Adhesion-GPCRs along with ADGRA1 (GPR123) and ADGRA2 (GPR124) [1]. The gene is localized on human chromosome 4 and mouse chromosome 5. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ADGRA1-3 share a common ancestor suggesting the evolution from an ancestral gene through gene duplication [1]. Deuterostome invertebrates like ciona, amphioxus, sea urchin and acorn worms contain a single copy that is very similar to ADGRA1-3 [6,8,10] indicating a gene duplication event at the emergence of vertebrates. As of now no direct function has been attributed to these receptors, however, GPR125 is useful as a potential stem and progenitor cell surface marker and therefore represents a novel target for purifying adult stem and progenitors from tissues, with the goal of developing autologous multipotent cell lines [11-12]. ADGRA3 is strongly expressed in the testis and the prostate and were predicted to have a role in development of spermatogonia and also a possible role role in germ cell development [5,11-12]. ADGRA3 in human is 1321 amino acids long and it is very similar to ADGRA2 in domain organisation. ADGRA3 has a GPCR proteolysis site (GPS), Ig-like domain and LRR repeats in the N terminus. A functional splice variant for ADGRA3 in human was found and it seems that the splice variant was found to be conserved in other species including mouse [2].

References

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1. Bjarnadóttir TK, Fredriksson R, Höglund PJ, Gloriam DE, Lagerström MC, Schiöth HB. (2004) The human and mouse repertoire of the adhesion family of G-protein-coupled receptors. Genomics, 84 (1): 23-33. [PMID:15203201]

2. Bjarnadóttir TK, Geirardsdóttir K, Ingemansson M, Mirza MA, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. (2007) Identification of novel splice variants of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Gene, 387 (1-2): 38-48. [PMID:17056209]

3. He Z, Kokkinaki M, Jiang J, Dobrinski I, Dym M. (2010) Isolation, characterization, and culture of human spermatogonia. Biol Reprod, 82 (2): 363-72. [PMID:19846602]

4. He Z, Kokkinaki M, Jiang J, Zeng W, Dobrinski I, Dym M. (2012) Isolation of human male germ-line stem cells using enzymatic digestion and magnetic-activated cell sorting. Methods Mol Biol, 825: 45-57. [PMID:22144235]

5. Izadyar F, Wong J, Maki C, Pacchiarotti J, Ramos T, Howerton K, Yuen C, Greilach S, Zhao HH, Chow M et al.. (2011) Identification and characterization of repopulating spermatogonial stem cells from the adult human testis. Hum Reprod, 26 (6): 1296-306. [PMID:21349855]

6. Kamesh N, Aradhyam GK, Manoj N. (2008) The repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 129. [PMID:18452600]

7. Li X, Roszko I, Sepich DS, Ni M, Hamm HE, Marlow FL, Solnica-Krezel L. (2013) Gpr125 modulates Dishevelled distribution and planar cell polarity signaling. Development, 140 (14): 3028-39. [PMID:23821037]

8. Nordström KJ, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. (2008) The amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) genome contains a highly diversified set of G protein-coupled receptors. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 9. [PMID:18199322]

9. Pickering C, Hägglund M, Szmydynger-Chodobska J, Marques F, Palha JA, Waller L, Chodobski A, Fredriksson R, Lagerström MC, Schiöth HB. (2008) The Adhesion GPCR GPR125 is specifically expressed in the choroid plexus and is upregulated following brain injury. BMC Neurosci, 9: 97. [PMID:18834514]

10. Raible F, Tessmar-Raible K, Arboleda E, Kaller T, Bork P, Arendt D, Arnone MI. (2006) Opsins and clusters of sensory G-protein-coupled receptors in the sea urchin genome. Dev Biol, 300 (1): 461-75. [PMID:17067569]

11. Seandel M, Falciatori I, Shmelkov SV, Kim J, James D, Rafii S. (2008) Niche players: spermatogonial progenitors marked by GPR125. Cell Cycle, 7 (2): 135-40. [PMID:18256534]

12. Seandel M, James D, Shmelkov SV, Falciatori I, Kim J, Chavala S, Scherr DS, Zhang F, Torres R, Gale NW et al.. (2007) Generation of functional multipotent adult stem cells from GPR125+ germline progenitors. Nature, 449 (7160): 346-50. [PMID:17882221]

13. Yamamoto Y, Irie K, Asada M, Mino A, Mandai K, Takai Y. (2004) Direct binding of the human homologue of the Drosophila disc large tumor suppressor gene to seven-pass transmembrane proteins, tumor endothelial marker 5 (TEM5), and a novel TEM5-like protein. Oncogene, 23 (22): 3889-97. [PMID:15021905]

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