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Contents:
Gene and Protein Information  |
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| class A G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 7 | 345 | 6q23.2 | TAAR6 | trace amine associated receptor 6 | |
| Mouse | 7 | 345 | 10 A4 | Taar6 | trace amine-associated receptor 6 | |
| Rat | 7 | 345 | 1p12 | Taar6 | trace amine-associated receptor 6 | |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| SCZD5 | TAR4 | Trace amine receptor 4 | TRAR4 | TA4 | trace amine receptor 6 |
| Database Links |
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| Specialist databases | |
| GPCRdb | taar6_human (Hs), taar6_mouse (Mm), taar6_rat (Rn) |
| Other databases | |
| Alphafold | Q96RI8 (Hs), Q5QD13 (Mm), Q923Y5 (Rn) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4523910 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000146383 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000045111 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000016089 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 319100 (Hs), 215855 (Mm), 294124 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000146383 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:319100 (Hs), mmu:215855 (Mm), rno:294124 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 608923 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q96RI8 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_175067 (Hs), NM_001010828 (Mm), NM_175584 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_778237 (Hs), NP_001010828 (Mm), NP_783174 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | Q96RI8 (Hs), Q5QD13 (Mm), Q923Y5 (Rn) |
| Wikipedia | TAAR6 (Hs) |
| Tissue Distribution
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| Expression Datasets |
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| Gene Expression and Pathophysiology Comments | |
| A protein fragment of TAAR6 found in serum may be a clinical biomarker in the diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment [17]. It was reported that epistasis between TAAR6 and heat shock protein 70 variations may be associated with major mood disorders [9] and schizophrenia [12]. Serretti et al. reported that there may be a positive link between some genotypes in TAAR6 and response to aripiprazole [15]. |
| Biologically Significant Variants
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| Biologically Significant Variant Comments | ||||||||||||||||||
| A single SNP (rs4305745) in the TAAR6 gene and two additional SNPs (rs28447873 and rs7452939) in linkage disequilibrium with it were reported to be associated with schizophrenia in North American Caucasian and African-American families [3]. A different SNP in TAAR6 was found to be associated with bipolar disorder in a German case-control sample [1]. SNP rs6903874 in TAAR6 gene was found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a Korean case control sample [11,13]. A haplotype of 35kb overlapping TAAR6 was also found to be associated with schizophrenia in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families (ISHDSF) [17505468]. TAAR6 variations were suggested being associated with antidepressant response and suicidal behavior [10]. However, association of TAAR6 with schizophrenia was not supported by a family study in the Chinese Han population [4], a Japanese case-control study [7], an Arab-Israeli family sample [1], an Irish case-control study [16], a Caucasian family sample [7], a family-based association study of European ancestry [8], and a large case-control sample from European ancestry [14]. |
References
1. Amann D, Avidan N, Kanyas K, Kohn Y, Hamdan A, Ben-Asher E, Macciardi F, Beckmann JS, Lancet D, Lerer B. (2006) The trace amine receptor 4 gene is not associated with schizophrenia in a sample linked to chromosome 6q23. Mol Psychiatry, 11 (2): 119-21. [PMID:16189505]
2. Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, Raddatz R, Artymyshyn R, Ogozalek KL, Durkin MM, Lakhlani PP, Bonini JA, Pathirana S et al.. (2001) Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98 (16): 8966-71. [PMID:11459929]
3. Duan J, Martinez M, Sanders AR, Hou C, Saitou N, Kitano T, Mowry BJ, Crowe RR, Silverman JM, Levinson DF et al.. (2004) Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet, 75 (4): 624-38. [PMID:15329799]
4. Duan S, Du J, Xu Y, Xing Q, Wang H, Wu S, Chen Q, Li X, Li X, Shen J et al.. (2006) Failure to find association between TRAR4 and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. J Neural Transm, 113 (3): 381-5. [PMID:16075187]
5. Fleischer J, Schwarzenbacher K, Breer H. (2007) Expression of trace amine-associated receptors in the Grueneberg ganglion. Chem Senses, 32 (6): 623-31. [PMID:17556730]
6. Liberles SD, Buck LB. (2006) A second class of chemosensory receptors in the olfactory epithelium. Nature, 442: 645-650. [PMID:16878137]
7. Liu C, Shi J, Badner JA, Zou H, Qian Y, Gershon ES. (2007) No association of trace amine receptor genes with bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry, 12 (11): 979-81. [PMID:17957234]
8. Ludewick HP, Schwab SG, Albus M, Lerer B, Maier W, Trixler M, Wildenauer DB. (2008) No support for an association with TAAR6 and schizophrenia in a linked population of European ancestry. Psychiatr Genet, 18 (4): 208-10. [PMID:18628684]
9. Pae CU, Drago A, Forlani M, Patkar AA, Serretti A. (2010) Investigation of an epistastic effect between a set of TAAR6 and HSP-70 genes variations and major mood disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 153B (2): 680-3. [PMID:19582769]
10. Pae CU, Drago A, Kim JJ, Patkar AA, Jun TY, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. (2010) TAAR6 variations possibly associated with antidepressant response and suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res, 180 (1): 20-4. [PMID:20493543]
11. Pae CU, Drago A, Mandelli L, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. (2009) TAAR 6 and HSP-70 variations associated with bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett, 465 (3): 257-61. [PMID:19766166]
12. Pae CU, Drago A, Patkar AA, Jun TY, Serretti A. (2009) Epistasis between a set of variations located in the TAAR6 and HSP-70 genes toward schizophrenia and response to antipsychotic treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 19 (11): 806-11. [PMID:19643584]
13. Pae CU, Yu HS, Amann D, Kim JJ, Lee CU, Lee SJ, Jun TY, Lee C, Paik IH, Patkar AA et al.. (2008) Association of the trace amine associated receptor 6 (TAAR6) gene with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a Korean case control sample. J Psychiatr Res, 42 (1): 35-40. [PMID:17097106]
14. Sanders AR, Duan J, Levinson DF, Shi J, He D, Hou C, Burrell GJ, Rice JP, Nertney DA, Olincy A, Rozic P, Vinogradov S, Buccola NG, Mowry BJ, Freedman R, Amin F, Black DW, Silverman JM, Byerley WF, Crowe RR, Cloninger CR, Martinez M, Gejman PV. (2008) No significant association of 14 candidate genes with schizophrenia in a large European ancestry sample: implications for psychiatric genetics. Am J Psychiatry, 165 (4): 497-506. [PMID:18198266]
15. Serretti A, Pae CU, Chiesa A, Mandelli L, De Ronchi D. (2009) Influence of TAAR6 polymorphisms on response to aripiprazole. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 33 (5): 822-6. [PMID:19345712]
16. Vladimirov VI, Maher BS, Wormley B, O'Neill FA, Walsh D, Kendler KS, Riley BP. (2009) The trace amine associated receptor (TAAR6) gene is not associated with schizophrenia in the Irish Case-Control Study of Schizophrenia (ICCSS) sample. Schizophr Res, 107 (2-3): 249-54. [PMID:18973992]
17. Xi L, Junjian Z, Yumin L, Yunwen L, Hongbin W. (2009) Serum biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment evaluated by bead-based proteomic technology. Neurosci Lett, 463 (1): 6-11. [PMID:19631719]
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