PiN-21   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 11551

Synonyms: Pittsburgh inhalable Nanobody 21
Compound class: Antibody
Comment: PiN-21 is a nanobody that has been developed by scientists from the University of Pittsburgh, as an inhalable, injection-free therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infections [1]. It was chosen from a previously identified repertoire of potent neutralizing nanobodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), that were raised in Llamas immunised with the recombinant RBD [2]. PiN-21 has demonstrated preventative and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model that replicates moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. In this model PiN-21 achieves widespread distribution in the respiratory tract, and is active at very low concentrations. Treatment decreases viral load in the lung, reduces lung pathology, and prevents progression to viral pneumonia.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
Bioactivity Comments
PiN-21 has a neutralization potency (IC50) of 0.045 nM in a SARS-CoV-2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) pseudovirus assay, and 0.022 nM in a SARS-CoV-2 plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) [2].
Selectivity at other protein targets
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
CoV Spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Binding >12.0 pKd - 2
⤷ pKd >12.0 (Kd <1x10-12 M) [2]
Description: Equilibrium dissociation constant for binding to SARS-CoV-2 RBD; determined by SPR assay