semapimod   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 9211

Synonyms: CNI-1493
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Semapimod is an experimental anti-inflammatory compound. Structurally it is a tetravalent guanylhydrazone. The endoplasmic reticulum-localized chaperone gp96 (HSP90B1; P14625), which is involved in the biogenesis of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), is reported to be a molecular target of semapimod [1].
Note that we have drawn the molecule as specified by the IUPAC name submitted to the WHO as proposed INN (list 89). CHEMBL2107779 and PubChem CID 5745214 represent alternative tautomers.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 20
Hydrogen bond donors 10
Rotatable bonds 21
Topological polar surface area 365.24
Molecular weight 744.45
XLogP 5.49
No. Lipinski's rules broken 4

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES O=C(Nc1cc(cc(c1)C(=NN=C(N)N)C)C(=NN=C(N)N)C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)Nc1cc(cc(c1)C(=NN=C(N)N)C)C(=NN=C(N)N)C
Isomeric SMILES O=C(Nc1cc(cc(c1)/C(=N\N=C(N)N)/C)/C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C)CCCCCCCCC(=O)Nc1cc(cc(c1)/C(=N\N=C(N)N)/C)/C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C
InChI InChI=1S/C34H52N18O2/c1-19(45-49-31(35)36)23-13-24(20(2)46-50-32(37)38)16-27(15-23)43-29(53)11-9-7-5-6-8-10-12-30(54)44-28-17-25(21(3)47-51-33(39)40)14-26(18-28)22(4)48-52-34(41)42/h13-18H,5-12H2,1-4H3,(H,43,53)(H,44,54)(H4,35,36,49)(H4,37,38,50)(H4,39,40,51)(H4,41,42,52)/b45-19-,46-20+,47-21-,48-22+
InChI Key PWDYHMBTPGXCSN-BFKCERSTSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
Bioactivity Comments
Semapimod is reported to inhibit TLR signaling instantaneously. It inhibits ATP-binding and ATPase activities of gp96 in vitro (IC50 200-400nM) [1]. Semapimod desensitises TLR4 to activation by LPS, which abrogates TLR ligand-induced activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB and synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2.
Selectivity at other protein targets
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 Primary target of this compound Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 6.4 – 6.7 pIC50 - 1
⤷ pIC50 6.4 – 6.7 (IC50 4x10-7 – 2x10-7 M) [1]