S(+)-apomorphine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 8285

Synonyms: S-apomorphine | S-(+)-apomorphine
PDB Ligand
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: S(+)-apomorphine a brain-penetrating activator of the activator of the nuclear erythroid 2-related-factor 2 (Nrf2)-ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway [1]. This compound is a receptor-inactive enantiomer of the clinically approved dopamine-receptor agonist apomorphine (R(-)-apomorphine).
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 1
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 0
Topological polar surface area 43.7
Molecular weight 267.13
XLogP 2.86
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CN1CCc2c3C1Cc1ccc(c(c1c3ccc2)O)O
Isomeric SMILES CN1CCc2c3[C@@H]1Cc1ccc(c(c1c3ccc2)O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C17H17NO2/c1-18-8-7-10-3-2-4-12-15(10)13(18)9-11-5-6-14(19)17(20)16(11)12/h2-6,13,19-20H,7-9H2,1H3/t13-/m0/s1
InChI Key VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-ZDUSSCGKSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
The EMA granted S(+)-apomorphine orphan drug status in 2012 for the treament of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to play a role in the damage to nerves cells in ALS. S(+)-apomorphine is believed to activate the erythroid 2-related-factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and subsequently increase expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against ROS-induced motor neuron injury in ALS [1].