sirolimus   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 6031

Synonyms: AY-22989 | Fyarro® (sirolimus albumin-bound particles) | Rapamune® | rapamycin | WY-090217
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
sirolimus is an approved drug (FDA (1999), EMA (2001))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Sirolimus is a macrolide produced by the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It has potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties. Sirolimus is classified as a Type IV allosteric kinase inhibitor [10].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: sirolimus

sirolimus is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 14
Hydrogen bond donors 3
Rotatable bonds 6
Topological polar surface area 195.43
Molecular weight 913.56
XLogP 4.32
No. Lipinski's rules broken 1

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES COC1CC(CCC1O)CC(C1OC(=O)C2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CCC2C)CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(CC(C(=O)C(C(C(=CC(C(=O)C1)C)C)O)OC)C)C)C)C
Isomeric SMILES CO[C@@H]1C[C@@H](CC[C@H]1O)C[C@H]([C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@]2(O)O[C@@H](CC[C@H]2C)C[C@H](OC)/C(=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](C(=O)[C@@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/[C@H](C(=O)C1)C)/C)O)OC)C)C)/C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C51H79NO13/c1-30-16-12-11-13-17-31(2)42(61-8)28-38-21-19-36(7)51(60,65-38)48(57)49(58)52-23-15-14-18-39(52)50(59)64-43(33(4)26-37-20-22-40(53)44(27-37)62-9)29-41(54)32(3)25-35(6)46(56)47(63-10)45(55)34(5)24-30/h11-13,16-17,25,30,32-34,36-40,42-44,46-47,53,56,60H,14-15,18-24,26-29H2,1-10H3/b13-11+,16-12+,31-17+,35-25+/t30-,32-,33-,34-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,42+,43+,44-,46-,47+,51-/m1/s1
InChI Key QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Sirolimus is used for prophylaxis of renal transplant rejection [7,12], and may be used in combination with cyclosporin A. In June 2015 the US FDA approved sirolimus for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare proliferative but benign lung disease [11].
Nab-sirolimus (ABI-009; Fyarro®) is an albumin-bound nanoparticle formulation of sirolimus that was developed by Aadi Bioscience as the first treatment for advanced malignant perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa; see NCT02494570) [9,14]. Fyarro® was approved by the FDA in November 2021.
In May 2023 the EMA expanded authorisation to include the treatrment of angiofibroma of tuberous sclerosis.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Sirolimus binds to the FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12), creating a complex which inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The FKBP12-sirolimus complex binds to a site distinct from the kinase domain of mTOR and acts as a negative allosteric modulator of mTOR activity [2-3], interacting only when mTOR is bound to raptor and mLST8 [10]. This action reduces mTOR-induced proliferation of activated T-cells, the cells which would normally be involved in the immunological attack on transplanted tissue [7,13].
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC)
Drugs.com
European Medicines Agency (EMA)