amyloid β   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 4865

Synonyms: amyloid β-peptide | beta-amyloid protein
Compound class: Endogenous peptide in human, mouse or rat
Comment: We give the sequence for the 42 amino acid peptide here, but note that use of the name β-amyloid generally refers to the ensemble of peptides of 40 to 43 residues excised from the precursor APP protein by the combined action of β- and γ-secretases. These peptides may be soluble monomers or oligomers and contribute to the formation of fibrils and plaques that are associated with Alzheimer's disease.

The amino acid sequences of alternative forms are;
1-40 DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV
1-42 DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
1-43 DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIAT

So far we have annotated three types of target relationships for β-amyloid:
1) antibodies directed against the peptide forms for depletion
2) aggregation antagonists
3) imaging reagents for detection
Species: Human
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
Bioactivity Comments
Acumen Pharmaceuticals are developing the affinity matured, humanized, IgG2 monoclonal antibody ACU193 which binds to soluble amyloid-β oligomers rather than amyloid plaques [12]. As of July 2021, ACU193 was entering Phase 1 evaluation in trial NCT04931459, which will recruit participants who have been diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.
Enzymes Catalysing Reactions with this Compound as a Substrate or Product
Enzyme EC number Reaction Reference
glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
Selectivity at GPCRs
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
FPR2 Hs Agonist Full agonist 7.0 pEC50 - 8,13
⤷ pEC50 7.0 [8,13]
Other ligands which bind to or alter the activity of this ligand
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
solanezumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 10.4 pKd - 7
⤷ pKd 10.4 (Kd 4x10-11 M) [7]
Description: Binding affinity for Aβ1-42 measured using proprietary BIAcore technology
gantenerumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 9.1 – 9.6 pKd - 1
⤷ pKd 9.1 – 9.6 (Kd 7x10-10 – 2.4x10-10 M) [1]
Description: Binding to Aβ40 and Aβ42
lecanemab Peptide Approved drug Hs Antibody Binding 8.7 pKd - 6,14
⤷ pKd 8.7 (Kd 2x10-9 M) [6,14]
Description: Apparent equilibrium dissociation constant determined by SPR, with immobilized Aβ42 protofibril
P8 [PMID: 25923432] Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Inhibitor Binding 8.5 pKd - 4
⤷ pKd 8.5 (Kd 3.45x10-9 M) [4]
Description: Assessed using biolayer interferometry measuring the binding of the test peptide to the soluble ectodomain of APP.
P4 [PMID: 25923432] Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Inhibitor Binding 7.8 pKd - 4
⤷ pKd 7.8 (Kd 1.61x10-8 M) [4]
Description: Assessed using biolayer interferometry measuring the binding of the test peptide to the soluble ectodomain of APP.
crenezumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding >7.7 pKd - 5,10
⤷ pKd >7.7 (Kd <2x10-8 M) [5,10]
Description: Binding affinity to Aβ monomer
bapineuzumab Peptide Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding:
Binding of soluble amyloid β(1-40)		 7.1 pKd - 9,11
⤷ pKd 7.1 (Kd 8.9x10-8 M) Binding of soluble amyloid β(1-40) [9,11]
flutemetamol Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs None Binding:
PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain		 9.1 pKi - 16
⤷ pKi 9.1 (Ki 7.4x10-10 M) PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain [16]
florbetaben Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs None Binding:
PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain		 8.6 pKi - 3
⤷ pKi 8.6 (Ki 2.22x10-9 M) PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain [3]
Description: Inhibition of 18F-AV-45 binding to Aβ plaques in postmortem AD brain homogenates.
florbetapir Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Primary target of this compound Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs None Binding:
PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain		 8.5 pKi - 15
⤷ pKi 8.5 (Ki 2.87x10-9 M) PET imaging agent for Aβ plaques in brain [15]
aducanumab Peptide Approved drug Primary target of this compound Hs Antibody Binding 9.4 pEC50 - 2
⤷ pEC50 9.4 (EC50 4x10-10 M) [2]
Description: Binding to recombinamt human Aβ 1-42
Ligand mentioned in the following text fields
NOD-like receptor family comments