Transporters Moving this Compound Across a Lipid Membrane
Transporter EC number Reaction Reference Sodium/phosphate cotransporter 1 4 OATP4A1

Targets where the ligand is described in the comment field
Target	Comment
Peptide transporter 1	Although most di/tripeptides can bind PEPT1, not all of them are substrates. The uptake depends on the structural features (charge, hydrophobicity, size, side chain flexibility, etc.) of the di/tripeptide. A variety of dipeptides and drugs interact with PEPT1, including D-Phe-Ala [10,23], D-Phe-Gln [1], cyclo(L-Hyp-L-Ser) (i.e. JBP485) [5,27], nateglinide [38], glibenclamide [32] and penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) [2]. Among many other molecules, PEPT1 has been shown to interact with L-Dopa-L-Phe [35,41], D-Phe-Gly-L-Dopa [44], JBP485 prodrugs (e.g. JBP485-3-CH2-O-valine, J3V) [21], 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) derivatives (i.e. Gly-ASA, Glu-ASA, Val-ASA) [30,55], cinnabar (i.e. α-HgS >96%) [48], doxorubicin-tripeptide (i.e. doxorubicin-Gly-Gly-Gly) [13], scutellarin methyl ester-4'-dipeptide conjugates (e.g. scutellarin methyl ester-4'-Val-homo-Leu) [26], curcumin (CUR)-peptide derivatives (i.e. CUR-Phe-Val, CUR-Ile-Val) [56], gemcitabine amino acid ester prodrugs (i.e. 5'-L-valyl-gemcitabine, V-Gem) [33,40], decitabine amino acid ester prodrugs (e.g. 5'-O-L-valyl-decitabine, L-Val-DAC) [36-37], didanosine amino acid ester prodrugs (e.g. 5'-O-L-valyl-didanosine, L-Val-DDI) [54], floxuridine amino acid ester prodrugs (e.g. 5'-L-isoleucyl and 5'-L-valyl amino acid ester prodrugs of floxuridine) [24-25], floxuridine amino acid monoester prodrugs (e.g. 5'-O-D-valyl-floxuridine) [43], floxuridine dipeptide monoester prodrugs (e.g. 5'-L-phenylalanyl-L-tyrosyl-floxuridine, 5'-L-phenylalanyl-L-glycyl-floxuridine, and 5'-L-isoleucyl-L-glycyl-floxuridine) [42], amino acid acyloxy ester prodrugs of guanidine oseltamivir carboxylate (GOC) (e.g. GOC-L-Val, the L-valyl acyloxy ethyl prodrug of GOC) [17] and the valyl amino acid prodrug of GOC with the isopropyl-methylene-dioxy linker (i.e. GOC-ISP-Val) [20], amino acid acyloxy ester prodrugs of zanamivir (Zan, e.g. Zan-L-Val, the L-valyl acycloxy ethyl prodrug of Zan) [18], peramivir-(CH2)2-L-Val and peramivir-L-Ile [34], thiodipeptide prodrugs of for example, ibuprofen and propofol [11], alanylpyrraline (Ala-Pyrr) and pyrralylalanine (Pyrr-Ala) [12], dipeptide-bound derivatives of N6-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and N6-(1-carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL) (i.e. Ala-CML, CML-Ala, Ala-CEL, CEL-Ala) [19], Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide(FVP)-iron(III) complex [FVP-Fe(III) complex] [6], dipeptides of p-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) and tyrosine (i.e. L-Tyr-p-L-BPA (Tyr-BPA), p-L-BPA-L-tyrosine (BPA-Tyr)) [29] and AuIII‐peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [AuIIIBr2(dtc‐AA1‐AA2‐OR], in which AA1 = N‐methylglycine (Sar), L/D-Pro; AA2 = L/D-Ala, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R = OtBu, triethylene glycol methyl ether) (e.g. dtc‐Pro‐Aib‐OtBu) [3]. In recent years, PEPT1 has been shown to interact with a large variety of specifically targeted (i.e. peptide- or amino acid-functionalized) nanoparticles [7-9,14-15,49], (nano)micelles [22,45,47,53] and nanocomposites [16,46,51-52].
Peptide transporter 2	Although most di/tripeptides can bind PEPT2, not all of them are substrates. The uptake depends on the structural features (charge, hydrophobicity, size, side chain flexibility, etc.) of the di/tripeptide. Like PEPT1, PEPT2 interacts with dipeptides and drugs including D-Phe-Ala [10,39], nateglinide [38], glibenclamide [32], penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) [31], polymyxins (i.e. polymyxin B and colistin) [28] and entecavir [50]. PEPT2 has been shown to interact with dipeptides of p-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) and tyrosine (i.e. L-Tyr-p-L-BPA (Tyr-BPA), p-L-BPA-L-tyrosine (BPA-Tyr)) [29] and with AuIII‐peptidodithiocarbamato complexes of the type [AuIIIBr2(dtc‐AA1‐AA2‐OR), in which AA1 = N‐methylglycine (Sar), L/D‐Pro; AA2 = L/D‐Ala, α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib); R = OtBu, triethylene glycol methyl ether, e.g. dtc‐Pro‐Aib‐OtBu) [3].