exendin-4   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1135

Synonyms: AC 2993 | AC002993 | AC2993A | Bydureon® | Byetta®
Approved drug
exendin-4 is an approved drug (FDA (2005), EMA (2006))
Compound class: Peptide
Comment: This peptide is found in the venom of the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum. Exenatide is the synthetic form of the peptide used in clinical practice. Exendin-4 is a GLP-1 analogue/mimetic [3]. There is some ambiguity surrounding the exact stereochemistry of exendin-4. Representations of the peptide's full chemical structure can be accessed using the PubChem, ChEMBL and ChEBI links that we provide in the Database Links table.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: exenatide

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES NCCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N)CO)C)CO)CO)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(CC)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(O)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(O)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(Cc1nc[nH]c1)N)CCC(=O)O)Cc1ccccc1)CO)CC(=O)O)CC(C)C)CO)CCCCN)CCC(=O)N)CCSC)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)C)CCCNC(=N)N)CC(C)C)Cc1ccccc1)CCC(=O)O)CC(C)C
Isomeric SMILES NCCCCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)NC(C(=O)N)CO)C)CO)CO)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(CC)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(O)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(C(O)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(Cc1nc[nH]c1)N)CCC(=O)O)Cc1ccccc1)CO)CC(=O)O)CC(C)C)CO)CCCCN)CCC(=O)N)CCSC)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)CCC(=O)O)C)CCCNC(=N)N)CC(C)C)Cc1ccccc1)CCC(=O)O)CC(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C184H282N50O60S/c1-16-94(10)147(178(289)213-114(52-58-144(257)258)163(274)218-121(73-101-77-195-105-39-24-23-38-103(101)105)168(279)215-116(68-90(2)3)165(276)205-107(41-26-28-61-186)158(269)219-122(75-134(189)243)154(265)198-79-135(244)196-83-139(248)231-63-30-43-129(231)175(286)225-127(87-238)174(285)223-125(85-236)155(266)200-80-136(245)202-96(12)181(292)233-65-32-45-131(233)183(294)234-66-33-46-132(234)182(293)232-64-31-44-130(232)176(287)222-124(84-235)150(190)261)229-170(281)119(71-99-34-19-17-20-35-99)217-166(277)117(69-91(4)5)214-159(270)108(42-29-62-194-184(191)192)212-177(288)146(93(8)9)228-151(262)95(11)203-156(267)111(49-55-141(251)252)208-161(272)112(50-56-142(253)254)209-162(273)113(51-57-143(255)256)210-164(275)115(59-67-295-15)211-160(271)110(47-53-133(188)242)207-157(268)106(40-25-27-60-185)206-172(283)126(86-237)224-167(278)118(70-92(6)7)216-169(280)123(76-145(259)260)220-173(284)128(88-239)226-180(291)149(98(14)241)230-171(282)120(72-100-36-21-18-22-37-100)221-179(290)148(97(13)240)227-138(247)82-199-153(264)109(48-54-140(249)250)204-137(246)81-197-152(263)104(187)74-102-78-193-89-201-102/h17-24,34-39,77-78,89-98,104,106-132,146-149,195,235-241H,16,25-33,40-76,79-88,185-187H2,1-15H3,(H2,188,242)(H2,189,243)(H2,190,261)(H,193,201)(H,196,244)(H,197,263)(H,198,265)(H,199,264)(H,200,266)(H,202,245)(H,203,267)(H,204,246)(H,205,276)(H,206,283)(H,207,268)(H,208,272)(H,209,273)(H,210,275)(H,211,271)(H,212,288)(H,213,289)(H,214,270)(H,215,279)(H,216,280)(H,217,277)(H,218,274)(H,219,269)(H,220,284)(H,221,290)(H,222,287)(H,223,285)(H,224,278)(H,225,286)(H,226,291)(H,227,247)(H,228,262)(H,229,281)(H,230,282)(H,249,250)(H,251,252)(H,253,254)(H,255,256)(H,257,258)(H,259,260)(H4,191,192,194)
InChI Key HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
References
1. Athauda D, Maclagan K, Skene SS, Bajwa-Joseph M, Letchford D, Chowdhury K, Hibbert S, Budnik N, Zampedri L, Dickson J et al.. (2017)
Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Lancet, 390 (10103): 1664-1675. [PMID:28781108]
2. Aviles-Olmos I, Dickson J, Kefalopoulou Z, Djamshidian A, Ell P, Soderlund T, Whitton P, Wyse R, Isaacs T, Lees A et al.. (2013)
Exenatide and the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease.
J Clin Invest, 123 (6): 2730-6. [PMID:23728174]
3. Bond A. (2006)
Exenatide (Byetta) as a novel treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent), 19 (3): 281-4. [PMID:17252050]
4. Jorgensen R, Martini L, Schwartz TW, Elling CE. (2005)
Characterization of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor beta-arrestin 2 interaction: a high-affinity receptor phenotype.
Mol Endocrinol, 19 (3): 812-23. [PMID:15528268]
5. Meissner WG, Remy P, Giordana C, Maltête D, Derkinderen P, Houéto JL, Anheim M, Benatru I, Boraud T, Brefel-Courbon C et al.. (2024)
Trial of Lixisenatide in Early Parkinson's Disease.
N Engl J Med, 390 (13): 1176-1185. [PMID:38598572]
6. Miranda LP, Winters KA, Gegg CV, Patel A, Aral J, Long J, Zhang J, Diamond S, Guido M, Stanislaus S et al.. (2008)
Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained glucagon-like peptide-1 derivatives with increased plasma stability and prolonged in vivo activity.
J Med Chem, 51 (9): 2758-65. [PMID:18412318]
7. Pagano G, Taylor KI, Anzures Cabrera J, Simuni T, Marek K, Postuma RB, Pavese N, Stocchi F, Brockmann K, Svoboda H et al.. (2024)
Prasinezumab slows motor progression in rapidly progressing early-stage Parkinson's disease.
Nat Med, 30 (4): 1096-1103. [PMID:38622249]