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daunorubicin   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 7063

Synonyms: Cerubidine® | daunomycin | FI-6339 | NDC-0082-4155 | RP-13057
Approved drug PDB Ligand
daunorubicin is an approved drug (FDA (1979), EMA (2018))
Compound class: Natural product
Comment: Daunorubicin is an anthracycline class chemotherapeutic for cancer treatment. It has also been shown to potentiate the activity of antibacterial agents of last resort, against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria [1].
Daunorubicin is on the World Health Organisation's List of Essential Medicines.
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 8
Hydrogen bond donors 5
Rotatable bonds 4
Topological polar surface area 185.84
Molecular weight 527.18
XLogP 0.56
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES COc1cccc2c1C(=O)c1c(C2=O)c(O)c2c(c1O)C(OC1CC(N)C(C(O1)C)O)CC(C2)(O)C(=O)C
Isomeric SMILES COc1cccc2c1C(=O)c1c(C2=O)c(O)c2c(c1O)[C@@H](O[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H]([C@@H](O1)C)O)C[C@](C2)(O)C(=O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C27H29NO10/c1-10-22(30)14(28)7-17(37-10)38-16-9-27(35,11(2)29)8-13-19(16)26(34)21-20(24(13)32)23(31)12-5-4-6-15(36-3)18(12)25(21)33/h4-6,10,14,16-17,22,30,32,34-35H,7-9,28H2,1-3H3/t10-,14-,16-,17-,22+,27-/m0/s1
InChI Key STQGQHZAVUOBTE-VGBVRHCVSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Daunorubicin is indicated for treatment of remissions of acute myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemias and may also be used to treat HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. In the EU, daunorubicin monotherapy is indicated for use only in orphan disease, namely acute myeloid leukemia. In August 2017 the US FDA approved a fixed-dose combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (Vyxeos®) for the treatment of adults with two types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML): newly diagnosed therapy-related AML (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). The EMA approved Vyxeos® in 2018.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Daunorubicin's cytotoxic action is due to its ability to cause DNA damage. The DNA damage is caused by several mechanisms, including intercalation in to DNA, strand breakage and inhibition of topoisomerase II. The DNA damage results in cell death.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC)
European Medicines Agency (EMA)