cyclosporin A   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1024

Synonyms: ciclosporin | cyclosporine | cyclosporine A | Ikervis® (opthalmic solution) | Neoral® | Sandimmun® | Verkazia® (opthalmic solution)
Approved drug Immunopharmacology Ligand
cyclosporin A is an approved drug (FDA and UK (1983), EMA (2015))
Compound class: Peptide
Comment: Originally isolated from Tolypocladium inflatum, cyclosporin A acts as a calcineurin inhibitor.
There is some ambiguity in the literature as to the exact stereochemistry of cyclosporin A. Other common representations on PubChem are CID 5280754, and CID 24883466.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: cyclosporin a

cyclosporin A is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CC=CCC(C(C1C(=O)NC(CC)C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)C(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N(C(C(=O)N1C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)O)C
Isomeric SMILES C/C=C/C[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N(C)[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C62H111N11O12/c1-25-27-28-40(15)52(75)51-56(79)65-43(26-2)58(81)67(18)33-48(74)68(19)44(29-34(3)4)55(78)66-49(38(11)12)61(84)69(20)45(30-35(5)6)54(77)63-41(16)53(76)64-42(17)57(80)70(21)46(31-36(7)8)59(82)71(22)47(32-37(9)10)60(83)72(23)50(39(13)14)62(85)73(51)24/h25,27,34-47,49-52,75H,26,28-33H2,1-24H3,(H,63,77)(H,64,76)(H,65,79)(H,66,78)/b27-25+/t40-,41+,42-,43+,44+,45+,46+,47+,49+,50+,51+,52-/m1/s1
InChI Key PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Cyclosporine is a powerful immunosupressant. Its inhibitory action on T-lymphocyte activation is used to circumvent graft rejection following autologous organ and tissue transplant. It can also be used to treat severe active, refractory rheumatoid arthritis and severe recalcitrant plaque psoriasis. Across the European Union ophthalmic solutions of cyclosporin are fully approved for the treatment of severe keratitis (corneal inflammation) and severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (a form of chronic eye allergy that can lead to corneal ulcers and loss of sight; in patients aged 4yrs- adolescent), and it has current orphan designation for 8 indications (click here to link to the EMA's list of orphan designations for cyclosporin).
In August 2018 the FDA approved a 0.09% cyclosporine ophthalmic solution called Cequa® as a topical treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye).
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Cyclosporin A must form a complex with its immunophilin 'receptor', cyclophilin A (PPIA), before it is able to bind and inhibit calcineurin [7]. It is the inhibition of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin by this drug-protein complex that results in immunomodulatory actions. The overall effect is inhibition of T-lymphocyte activity, including inhibition of production and release of lymphokines such as interleukin-2.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

Electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC)
Drugs.com
European Medicines Agency (EMA)