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GABA turnover C

Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Overview

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The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyrate (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) is generated in neurones by glutamic acid decarboxylase. GAD1 and GAD2 are differentially expressed during development, where GAD2 is thought to subserve a trophic role in early life and is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. GAD1 is expressed in later life and is more associated with nerve terminals [1] where GABA is principally accumulated in vesicles through the action of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter SLC32A1. The role of γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH9A1) in neurotransmitter GABA synthesis is less clear. Following release from neurons, GABA may interact with either GABAA or GABAB receptors and may be accumulated in neurones and glia through the action of members of the SLC6 family of transporters. Successive metabolism through GABA transaminase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase generates succinic acid, which may be further metabolized in the mitochondria in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Enzymes

2467
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GAD1 (Glutamic acid decarboxylase 1) C Show summary »

GAD2 (Glutamic acid decarboxylase 2) C Show summary »

aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1 C Show summary »


Target Id 2467
Nomenclature aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1
Previous and unofficial names γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase E3 isozyme | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family, member A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9, subfamily A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 9
Genes ALDH9A1 (Hs), Aldh9a1 (Mm), Aldh9a1 (Rn)
Ensembl ID ENSG00000143149 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000026687 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000004027 (Rn)
UniProtKB AC P49189 (Hs), Q9JLJ2 (Mm), Q9JLJ3 (Rn)
EC number
1.2.1.47 4-Trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD + H2O = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADPH + 2H+
1.2.1.3 an aldehyde + H2O + NAD = a carboxylate + 2H+ + NADH
1.2.1.19 4-Aminobutanal + NAD + H2O = GABA + NADH + H+
Cofactors
NAD

GABA-T (4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase) C Show summary » More detailed page go icon to follow link

SSADH (aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1) C Show summary » More detailed page go icon to follow link

Further reading

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References

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How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

GABA turnover. Accessed on 12/10/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=764.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S289-373.