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Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
The TIE family were initially associated with formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis). Endogenous ligands are angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1, Q15389), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2, O15123), and angiopoietin-4 (ANGPT4, Q9Y264). Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2, O15123) appears to act as an endogenous antagonist of angiopoietin-1 function, thus blocking TIE2-mediated signalling. Due to roles in blood vessel formation, monoclonal antibodies are being developed against the ligand Ang2 (cyamemazine57) or a bispecific antibody against VEGF and Ang2 (faricimab) for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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TIE1 (tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin like and EGF like domains 1)
C
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TIE2 (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase)
C
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Database page citation (select format):
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Peach CJ, Gibb AJ, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Southan C, Davies JA et al. (2025) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 182: S259-S306.