Breast cancer
GtoPdb Disease Summaries
This section gives an overview of the disease, and where available shows the following:
- Synonyms: Shows known synonyms for the disease.
- Description: Gives a basic description/definition of the disease.
- Database Link: External links to the same disease at the Disease Ontology, OMIM or Orphanet sites.
- Immunopharmacology comments: General comments about the target's role in immunopharmacology, provided by GtoImmuPdb curators.
- Associated with: Counts are displayed for the total targets the disease is associated with in GtoPdb. The counts of targets and ligands of immunological relevance associated to the disease are also shown.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖| Disease ID: | 160 | |
| Name: | Breast cancer | |
| Associated with: | 18 targets | |
Targets
GtoPdb Disease Summaries - Targets
Click on the target name to link to its detailed view page
Where available, information is display on the role of the target in the disease; drugs which target the disease and their therapeutic use and side-effects.
If there is mutation data curated in GtoPdb this is indicated, with a link back to the appropriate section on the target detailed view page
Immuno ligand interactions - If available, a table of immuno-relevant ligands is shown. These ligands have been curated as having an association to the disease and possess interaction data with the target in GtoPdb. The approval status of the ligand is shown, along with curator comments and an indication of whether the target is considered the primary target of the ligand.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖| CCR7 | |
| References: | 9 |
| CXCR5 | |
| Role: | CXCL13-induced CXCR5 activity promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cell lines. |
| References: | 2 |
| ADGRB2 | |
| Role: | Mutations in ADGRB2 are associated with HER2+, HR+ and triple-negative forms of breast cancer |
| References: | 8 |
| Mutations: | ADGRB2 is associated with 3 mutation. Click here for details  |
| FZD7 | |
| Role: | Associated link with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) |
| References: | 10,30 |
| NK1 receptor | |
| References: | 7,16,18-24 |
| Retinoic acid receptor-β | |
| Role: | Breast cancer is associated with RARb loss-of expression. |
| References: | 25-27,29 |
| Pregnane X receptor | |
| Role: | A significant positive correlation was detected between the SXR/hPXR labeling index and both the histologic grade and the lymph node status of the carcinoma cases |
| References: | 4 |
| Estrogen receptor-α | |
| References: | 11 |
| Mutations: | Estrogen receptor-α is associated with 1 mutation. Click here for details |
| Progesterone receptor | |
| Comments: | PR detection is used to characterized breast tumors, mainly because, as an estrogen receptor target gene, the expression of PR is indicative of a normally functioning estrogen receptor and thus predictive of a favorable patient response to anti-estrogen therapy. In addition, expression of PRB correlates with absence of Her2/Neu, and reduced PRB expression (higher PRA:B ratio) correlates with increased tumor grade. |
| References: | 1 |
| AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 |
| Caspase 8 | |
| Role: | A single nucleotide polymorphism in CASP8 is associated with protection against breast cancer. |
| Mutations: | Caspase 8 is associated with 1 mutation. Click here for details |
| TLR2 |
| ATM serine/threonine kinase |
| checkpoint kinase 2 | |
| Comments: | Mutations in CHEK2 cause increased susceptibility to breast cancer |
| phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 16 | |
| References: | 12,28 |
| Mutations: | regulator of G-protein signaling 16 is associated with 1 mutation. Click here for details |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 6 | |
| Role: | Downregulation of RGS6 in human mammary ductal epithelial cells correlates with cellular transformation and progression to tumorigenesis. |
| References: | 14-15 |
| KRAS |
Ligands
GtoPdb Disease Summaries - Ligands
Click ligand name to view ligand summary page
- Approved: If the ligand is an approved drug this is indicated, along with approval bodies.
- Immuno: Immuno icon indicates the ligand is immuno-relevant
Click the arrow in the final column to expand comments
- Immuno Disease Comments: Curatorial comments specifically added as part of GtoImmuPdb. They give more information on the association between the ligand and disease in the context of immunopharmacology.
- Clinical Use: General clinical comments relating to the ligand and may not necessarily be specific to the disease in question. With hyperlink to more details on the ligand summary pages.
- Bioactivty Comments: Curatorial comments specifically about the compounds biological activity - with hyperlink to more details on the ligand summary pages.
More information can be found in the help pages.
✖No ligand related data available for Breast cancer
References
1. Bamberger AM, Milde-Langosch K, Schulte HM, Löning T. (2000) Progesterone receptor isoforms, PR-B and PR-A, in breast cancer: correlations with clinicopathologic tumor parameters and expression of AP-1 factors. Horm Res, 54 (1): 32-7. [PMID:11182633]
2. Biswas S, Sengupta S, Roy Chowdhury S, Jana S, Mandal G, Mandal PK, Saha N, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Kuprash DV et al.. (2014) CXCL13-CXCR5 co-expression regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells during lymph node metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 143 (2): 265-76. [PMID:24337540]
3. Cox A, Dunning AM, Garcia-Closas M, Balasubramanian S, Reed MW, Pooley KA, Scollen S, Baynes C, Ponder BA, Chanock S et al.. (2007) A common coding variant in CASP8 is associated with breast cancer risk. Nat Genet, 39 (3): 352-8. [PMID:17293864]
4. Dotzlaw H, Leygue E, Watson P, Murphy LC. (1999) The human orphan receptor PXR messenger RNA is expressed in both normal and neoplastic breast tissue. Clin Cancer Res, 5 (8): 2103-7. [PMID:10473093]
5. Frank B, Bermejo JL, Hemminki K, Klaes R, Bugert P, Wappenschmidt B, Schmutzler RK, Burwinkel B. (2005) Re: Association of a common variant of the CASP8 gene with reduced risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 97 (13): 1012; author reply 1012-3. [PMID:15998955]
6. Fuqua SA, Wiltschke C, Zhang QX, Borg A, Castles CG, Friedrichs WE, Hopp T, Hilsenbeck S, Mohsin S, O'Connell P, Allred DC. (2000) A hypersensitive estrogen receptor-alpha mutation in premalignant breast lesions. Cancer Res, 60 (15): 4026-9. [PMID:10945602]
7. Huang WQ, Wang JG, Chen L, Wei HJ, Chen H. (2010) SR140333 counteracts NK-1 mediated cell proliferation in human breast cancer cell line T47D. J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 29: 55. [PMID:20497542]
8. Kan Z, Jaiswal BS, Stinson J, Janakiraman V, Bhatt D, Stern HM, Yue P, Haverty PM, Bourgon R, Zheng J, Moorhead M, Chaudhuri S, Tomsho LP, Peters BA, Pujara K, Cordes S, Davis DP, Carlton VE, Yuan W, Li L, Wang W, Eigenbrot C, Kaminker JS, Eberhard DA, Waring P, Schuster SC, Modrusan Z, Zhang Z, Stokoe D, de Sauvage FJ, Faham M, Seshagiri S. (2010) Diverse somatic mutation patterns and pathway alterations in human cancers. Nature, 466 (7308): 869-73. [PMID:20668451]
9. Kim SJ, Shin JY, Lee KD, Bae YK, Sung KW, Nam SJ, Chun KH. (2012) MicroRNA let-7a suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion through downregulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 7. Breast Cancer Res, 14 (1): R14. [PMID:22251626]
10. King TD, Zhang W, Suto MJ, Li Y. (2012) Frizzled7 as an emerging target for cancer therapy. Cell Signal, 24 (4): 846-51. [PMID:22182510]
11. Lewis JS, Jordan VC. (2005) Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs): mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis and drug resistance. Mutat Res, 591 (1-2): 247-63. [PMID:16083919]
12. Liang G, Bansal G, Xie Z, Druey KM. (2009) RGS16 inhibits breast cancer cell growth by mitigating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. J Biol Chem, 284 (32): 21719-27. [PMID:19509421]
13. MacPherson G, Healey CS, Teare MD, Balasubramanian SP, Reed MW, Pharoah PD, Ponder BA, Meuth M, Bhattacharyya NP, Cox A. (2004) Association of a common variant of the CASP8 gene with reduced risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 96 (24): 1866-9. [PMID:15601643]
14. Maity B, Stewart A, O'Malley Y, Askeland RW, Sugg SL, Fisher RA. (2013) Regulator of G protein signaling 6 is a novel suppressor of breast tumor initiation and progression. Carcinogenesis, 34 (8): 1747-55. [PMID:23598467]
15. Maity B, Yang J, Huang J, Askeland RW, Bera S, Fisher RA. (2011) Regulator of G protein signaling 6 (RGS6) induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway not involving its GTPase-activating protein activity. J Biol Chem, 286 (2): 1409-19. [PMID:21041304]
16. Mayordomo C, García-Recio S, Ametller E, Fernández-Nogueira P, Pastor-Arroyo EM, Vinyals L, Casas I, Gascón P, Almendro V. (2012) Targeting of substance P induces cancer cell death and decreases the steady state of EGFR and Her2. J Cell Physiol, 227 (4): 1358-66. [PMID:21604273]
17. Miki Y, Suzuki T, Kitada K, Yabuki N, Shibuya R, Moriya T, Ishida T, Ohuchi N, Blumberg B, Sasano H. (2006) Expression of the steroid and xenobiotic receptor and its possible target gene, organic anion transporting polypeptide-A, in human breast carcinoma. Cancer Res, 66 (1): 535-42. [PMID:16397270]
18. Muñoz M, Rosso M, Casinello F, Coveñas R. (2010) Paravertebral anesthesia: how substance P and the NK-1 receptor could be involved in regional block and breast cancer recurrence. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 122 (2): 601-3. [PMID:20333544]
19. Navarro P, Ramkissoon SH, Shah S, Park JM, Murthy RG, Patel SA, Greco SJ, Rameshwar P. (2012) An indirect role for the oncomir-519b in the expression of truncated neurokinin-1 in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res, 318 (20): 2604-15. [PMID:22981979]
20. Palma C. (2006) Tachykinins and their receptors in human malignancies. Curr Drug Targets, 7 (8): 1043-52. [PMID:16918332]
21. Patel HJ, Ramkissoon SH, Patel PS, Rameshwar P. (2005) Transformation of breast cells by truncated neurokinin-1 receptor is secondary to activation by preprotachykinin-A peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102 (48): 17436-41. [PMID:16291810]
22. Rameshwar P. (2007) Implication of possible therapies targeted for the tachykinergic system with the biology of neurokinin receptors and emerging related proteins. Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov, 2 (1): 79-84. [PMID:18221219]
23. Reddy BY, Greco SJ, Patel PS, Trzaska KA, Rameshwar P. (2009) RE-1-silencing transcription factor shows tumor-suppressor functions and negatively regulates the oncogenic TAC1 in breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106 (11): 4408-13. [PMID:19246391]
24. Reddy BY, Trzaska KA, Murthy RG, Navarro P, Rameshwar P. (2008) Neurokinin receptors as potential targets in breast cancer treatment. Curr Drug Discov Technol, 5 (1): 15-9. [PMID:18537563]
25. Widschwendter M, Berger J, Daxenbichler G, Müller-Holzner E, Widschwendter A, Mayr A, Marth C, Zeimet AG. (1997) Loss of retinoic acid receptor beta expression in breast cancer and morphologically normal adjacent tissue but not in the normal breast tissue distant from the cancer. Cancer Res, 57 (19): 4158-61. [PMID:9331065]
26. Widschwendter M, Berger J, Hermann M, Müller HM, Amberger A, Zeschnigk M, Widschwendter A, Abendstein B, Zeimet AG, Daxenbichler G, Marth C. (2000) Methylation and silencing of the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 gene in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 92 (10): 826-32. [PMID:10814678]
27. Widschwendter M, Berger J, Müller HM, Zeimet AG, Marth C. (2001) Epigenetic downregulation of the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 gene in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 6 (2): 193-201. [PMID:11501579]
28. Wiechec E, Overgaard J, Hansen LL. (2008) A fragile site within the HPC1 region at 1q25.3 affecting RGS16, RGSL1, and RGSL2 in human breast carcinomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 47 (9): 766-80. [PMID:18521847]
29. Xu XC, Sneige N, Liu X, Nandagiri R, Lee JJ, Lukmanji F, Hortobagyi G, Lippman SM, Dhingra K, Lotan R. (1997) Progressive decrease in nuclear retinoic acid receptor beta messenger RNA level during breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Res, 57 (22): 4992-6. [PMID:9371489]
30. Yang L, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang K, Wu J, Yuan YC, Deng X, Chen L, Kim CC, Lau S et al.. (2011) FZD7 has a critical role in cell proliferation in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene, 30 (43): 4437-46. [PMID:21532620]
