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CCK1 receptor

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Target id: 76

Nomenclature: CCK1 receptor

Family: Cholecystokinin receptors

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 428 4p15.2 CCKAR cholecystokinin A receptor 10,56
Mouse 7 436 5 29.52 cM Cckar cholecystokinin A receptor 26,52
Rat 7 444 14q11 Cckar cholecystokinin A receptor 51,59
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
CCK1-R | cholecystokinin receptor type A | cholecystokinin-1 receptor
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb cckar_human (Hs), cckar_mouse (Mm), cckar_rat (Rn)
Other databases
Alphafold
CATH/Gene3D
ChEMBL Target
DrugBank Target
Ensembl Gene
Entrez Gene
Human Protein Atlas
KEGG Gene
OMIM
Pharos
RefSeq Nucleotide
RefSeq Protein
UniProtKB
Wikipedia
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
CCK-58 {Sp: Human}
CCK-39 {Sp: Human}
CCK-4 {Sp: Human}
CCK-33 {Sp: Human}
CCK-8 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
CCK-33 {Sp: Mouse} , CCK-33 {Sp: Rat}
gastrin-17 {Sp: Human} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Mouse} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Rat}
Comments: CCK-58 is an endogenous peptide fragment from the cholecystokinin precursor protein, but there is no affinity data available for this ligand at cholecystokinin receptors. For the rodent homologues of this peptide please see the following ligand entries: CCK-58 (mouse) and CCK-58 (rat).
Potency order of endogenous ligands (Human)
CCK-8 (CCK, P06307), CCK-58 (CCK, P06307), CCK-39 (CCK, P06307), CCK-33 (CCK, P06307) >> gastrin-17 (GAST, P01350), desulfated cholecystokinin-8 > CCK-4 (CCK, P06307)

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file go icon to follow link

Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
CCK-33 {Sp: Human} Peptide Rn Full agonist 9.3 pKd 20
pKd 9.3 [20]
ARL-15849 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Full agonist 10.5 pKi 49
pKi 10.5 [49]
PD136450 Small molecule or natural product Rn Full agonist 5.9 pKi 5
pKi 5.9 [5]
SR146131 Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Full agonist 9.3 pIC50 4
pIC50 9.3 [4]
CCK-58 {Sp: Dog} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Mm Full agonist 9.2 pIC50 41
pIC50 9.2 [41]
[125I]DTyr-Gly-[(Nle28,31)CCK-26-33 Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Full agonist 9.0 pIC50 40
pIC50 9.0 (IC50 1x10-9 M) [40]
CCK-8 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Ligand is endogenous in the given species Rn Full agonist 7.2 – 9.9 pIC50 19
pIC50 9.9 [19]
pIC50 7.2 [19]
A-71623 Peptide Rn Full agonist 8.4 pIC50 3
pIC50 8.4 (IC50 3.98x10-9 M) [3]
JMV180 Peptide Hs Full agonist 8.3 pIC50 25
pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5.44x10-9 M) [25]
GW-5823 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Hs Full agonist 7.6 pIC50 18
pIC50 7.6 (IC50 2.51x10-8 M) [18]
CE-326597 Small molecule or natural product Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist 7.5 pIC50 13
pIC50 7.5 (IC50 3.17x10-8 M) [13]
Glaxo-11p Small molecule or natural product Hs Full agonist 7.2 pIC50 2
pIC50 7.2 [2]
pentagastrin Peptide Approved drug Rn Full agonist 6.2 pIC50 19
pIC50 6.2 [19]
gastrin-17 {Sp: Human} Peptide Rn Full agonist 6.1 pIC50 19
pIC50 6.1 [19]
CCK-4 {Sp: Human} Peptide Rn Full agonist 5.3 pIC50 19
pIC50 5.3 [19]
rebamipide Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Rn Full agonist 4.4 pIC50 33
pIC50 4.4 [33]
CCK-33 {Sp: Human} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist - -
CCK-8 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} Peptide Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist - -
CCK-58 {Sp: Human} Peptide Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist - -
CCK-39 {Sp: Human} Peptide Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist - -
View species-specific agonist tables
Agonist Comments
pIC50 values represent inhibition of binding of [125I]CCK.
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
[3H]devazepide Small molecule or natural product Ligand is labelled Ligand is radioactive Hs Antagonist 9.7 pKd 8
pKd 9.7 (Kd 2x10-10 M) [8]
TP-680 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Antagonist 8.9 pKi 1
pKi 8.9 [1]
JNJ-17156516 Small molecule or natural product Hs Antagonist 8.0 pKi 36
pKi 8.0 [36]
dexloxiglumide Small molecule or natural product Hs Antagonist 7.5 pKi 36
pKi 7.5 [36]
YM-022 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.8 pKi 37
pKi 6.8 [37]
L-740093 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 5.8 pKi 39
pKi 5.8 [39]
CI-1015 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 5.3 pKi 55
pKi 5.3 [55]
devazepide Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 9.7 pIC50 19
pIC50 9.7 (IC50 1.9x10-10 M) [19]
lintitript Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Rn Antagonist 9.7 pIC50 17
pIC50 9.7 [17]
T-0632 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 9.6 pIC50 53
pIC50 9.6 (IC50 2.5x10-10 M) [53]
pranazepide Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 9.4 pIC50 21
pIC50 9.4 [21]
IQM-97423 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 9.0 pIC50 27
pIC50 9.0 [27]
PD-140548 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Rn Antagonist 8.6 pIC50 50
pIC50 8.6 (IC50 2.5x10-9 M) [50]
lintitript Small molecule or natural product Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Antagonist 8.3 pIC50 16
pIC50 8.3 (IC50 5x10-9 M) [16]
SC-50998 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 7.8 pIC50 15
pIC50 7.8 [15]
lorglumide Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.7 – 8.2 pIC50 19,22
pIC50 6.7 – 8.2 (IC50 1.99x10-7 – 6.31x10-9 M) [19,22]
YF-476 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.9 pIC50 47
pIC50 6.9 [47]
VL-0395 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.7 pIC50 57
pIC50 6.7 [57]
L-365260 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.6 pIC50 19
pIC50 6.6 [19]
loxiglumide Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.5 pIC50 48
pIC50 6.5 [48]
L-736380 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 6.4 pIC50 7
pIC50 6.4 [7]
PD-135158 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 5.9 pIC50 19
pIC50 5.9 [19]
CI-988 Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 5.6 pIC50 19
pIC50 5.6 [19]
proglumide Small molecule or natural product Rn Antagonist 2.2 pIC50 29
pIC50 2.2 [29]
View species-specific antagonist tables
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family Phospholipase C stimulation
References:  10,56
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gs family Adenylyl cyclase stimulation
References:  30
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Stomach.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry.
References:  43,45
Exocrine pancreas.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  23
Endocrine pancreas.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry.
References:  35
Gallbladder.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Radioligand binding.
References:  54
Bowel.
Species:  Human
Technique:  Autoradiography.
References:  42,44
Adrenal gland.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR, autoradiography.
References:  31
Blood cells.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  46
Kidney.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR.
References:  32
Vagal afferent fibres.
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR, in situ hybridisation, radioligand binding.
References:  6,34
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
COS cells transiently transfected with human CCK1 receptor cDNA.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  COS cells.
Response measured:  Intracellular Ca2+ (Fura-2 AM).
References:  56
COS cells transiently transfected with human CCK1 receptor cDNA.
Species:  Human
Tissue:  COS cells.
Response measured:  IP3 production.
References:  10
Physiological Functions Click here for help
CCK-8 (sulphated) and CCK-8 (desulphated) produced an increase in the amplitude of EMG and a decrease in mean respiratory interval.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Nuclei of the solitary tract, ventral respiratory group and Kolliker-Fuse nucleus.
References:  12
CCK acts at CCK1 receptors on acinar cells in the pancreas to stimulate the secretion of the digestive enzyme pancreatic amylase.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Pancreatic acini.
References:  28
CCK acts at CCK1 receptors to decrease feeding for the rat.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Intestine.
References:  11
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Click here for help
CCK1 receptor-deficient mice showed severely impaired intestinal feedback in response to lipid.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  60
CCK1 receptor-deficient mice showed increased intestinal cholesterol absorption and susceptibility to cholesterol cholelithiasis.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.
References:  58
CCK1 receptor-deficient rats showed reduced CCK-induced Fos expression in the hindbrain, nodose ganglia and enteric neurones.
Species:  Rat
Tissue: 
Technique:  Receptor-deficient strain (OLETF).
References:  9
CCK1 receptor-deficient rats showed altered extracellular dopamine concentration in the brain.
Species:  Rat
Tissue: 
Technique:  Receptor-deficient strain (OLETF).
References:  14
CCK1 receptor-deficient rats showed increased gastric acid secretion.
Species:  Rat
Tissue: 
Technique:  Receptor-deficient strain (OLETF).
References:  24
CCK1 receptor-deficient rats showed impaired learning and memory.
Species:  Rat
Tissue: 
Technique:  Receptor-deficient strain (OLETF).
References:  38
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
B6.129S4-Cckar Cckbr
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0004924 abnormal behavior PMID: 12459512 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0004773 abnormal bile composition PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0005365 abnormal bile salt homeostasis PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kym Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym
B6.129S4-Cckar
MGI:99478  MP:0001777 abnormal body temperature regulation PMID: 15178543 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0001777 abnormal body temperature regulation PMID: 15178543 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0005278 abnormal cholesterol homeostasis PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0005449 abnormal food intake PMID: 9927499 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6
MGI:99478  MP:0000783 abnormal forebrain morphology PMID: 15152034 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6
MGI:99478  MP:0006009 abnormal neuronal migration PMID: 15152034 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0006092 abnormal olfactory neuron morphology PMID: 18305161 
Cckartm1Kym Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:99478  MP:0002694 abnormal pancreas secretion PMID: 11893936 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0004275 abnormal postnatal subventricular zone morphology PMID: 18305161 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0004279 abnormal rostral migratory stream morphology PMID: 18305161 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0006002 abnormal small intestinal transit time PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6J
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 15178543 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 11925470  15168241 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
B6.129S4-Cckar Cckbr
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 12459512 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0004981 decreased neuronal precursor cell number PMID: 18305161 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0009854 delayed gastric emptying PMID: 15168241 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0009343 dilated gallbladder PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ
MGI:99478  MP:0002830 gallstones PMID: 9927499 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0002830 gallstones PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kym Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym
B6.129S4-Cckar
MGI:99478  MP:0001399 hyperactivity PMID: 12459512 
Cckartm1Kpn Cckartm1Kpn/Cckartm1Kpn
involves: 129S/SvEv
MGI:99478  MP:0002646 increased cholesterol absorption PMID: 15314689 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0003909 increased eating behavior PMID: 11925470 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0004889 increased energy expenditure PMID: 11925470 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0003917 increased kidney weight PMID: 11925470 
Cckartm1Kym|Cckbrtm1Tom Cckartm1Kym/Cckartm1Kym,Cckbrtm1Tom/Cckbrtm1Tom
involves: 129S4/SvJae
MGI:99478  MGI:99479  MP:0009108 increased pancreas weight PMID: 11925470 

References

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1. Akiyama T, Tachibana I, Hirohata Y, Shirohara H, Yamamoto M, Otsuki M. (1996) Pharmacological profile of TP-680, a new cholecystokininA receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol, 117 (7): 1558-64. [PMID:8730754]

2. Aquino CJ, Armour DR, Berman JM, Birkemo LS, Carr RA, Croom DK, Dezube M, Dougherty RW, Ervin GN, Grizzle MK, Head JE, Hirst GC, James MK, Johnson MF, Miller LJ, Queen KL, Rimele TJ, Smith DN, Sugg EE. (1996) Discovery of 1,5-benzodiazepines with peripheral cholecystokinin (CCK-A) receptor agonist activity. 1. Optimization of the agonist "trigger". J Med Chem, 39: 562-569. [PMID:8558528]

3. Asin KE, Bednarz L, Nikkel AL, Gore Jr PA, Montana WE, Cullen MJ, Shiosaki K, Craig R, Nadzan AM. (1992) Behavioral effects of A71623, a highly selective CCK-A agonist tetrapeptide. Am J Physiol, 263 (1 Pt 2): R125-35. [PMID:1636779]

4. Bignon E, Bachy A, Boigegrain R, Brodin R, Cottineau M, Gully D, Herbert JM, Keane P, Labie C, Molimard JC et al.. (1999) SR146131: a new potent, orally active, and selective nonpeptide cholecystokinin subtype 1 receptor agonist. I. In vitro studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 289 (2): 742-51. [PMID:10215648]

5. Blevins Jr GT, van de Westerlo EM, Yule DI, Williams JA. (1994) Characterization of cholecystokininA receptor agonist activity by a family of cholecystokininB receptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 269 (3): 911-6. [PMID:7516969]

6. Broberger C, Holmberg K, Shi TJ, Dockray G, Hökfelt T. (2001) Expression and regulation of cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin receptors in rat nodose and dorsal root ganglia. Brain Res, 903 (1-2): 128-40. [PMID:11382396]

7. Castro JL, Ball RG, Broughton HB, Russell MG, Rathbone D, Watt AP, Baker R, Chapman KL, Fletcher AE, Patel S et al.. (1996) Controlled modification of acidity in cholecystokinin B receptor antagonists: N-(1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-N'-[3-(tetrazol-5-ylamino) phenyl]ureas. J Med Chem, 39 (4): 842-9. [PMID:8632408]

8. Chang RS, Lotti VJ, Chen TB, Kunkel KA. (1986) Characterization of the binding of [3H]-(+/-)-L-364,718: a new potent, nonpeptide cholecystokinin antagonist radioligand selective for peripheral receptors. Mol Pharmacol, 30 (3): 212-7. [PMID:3018478]

9. Covasa M, Ritter RC. (2005) Reduced CCK-induced Fos expression in the hindbrain, nodose ganglia, and enteric neurons of rats lacking CCK-1 receptors. Brain Res, 1051 (1-2): 155-63. [PMID:16005445]

10. de Weerth A, Pisegna JR, Huppi K, Wank SA. (1993) Molecular cloning, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the human cholecystokinin type A receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 194 (2): 811-8. [PMID:8343165]

11. Dourish CT, Ruckert AC, Tattersall FD, Iversen SD. (1989) Evidence that decreased feeding induced by systemic injection of cholecystokinin is mediated by CCK-A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol, 173 (2-3): 233-4. [PMID:2625140]

12. Ellenberger HH, Smith FM. (1999) Sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide in the rat: pontomedullary distribution and modulation of the respiratory pattern. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 77 (7): 490-504. [PMID:10535709]

13. Elliott RL, Cameron KO, Chin JE, Bartlett JA, Beretta EE, Chen Y, Jardine Pda S, Dubins JS, Gillaspy ML, Hargrove DM et al.. (2010) Discovery of N-benzyl-2-[(4S)-4-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-6H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-6-yl]-N-isopropylacetamide, an orally active, gut-selective CCK1 receptor agonist for the potential treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 20 (22): 6797-801. [PMID:20851601]

14. Feifel D, Shilling PD, Kuczenski R, Segal DS. (2003) Altered extracellular dopamine concentration in the brains of cholecystokinin-A receptor deficient rats. Neurosci Lett, 348 (3): 147-50. [PMID:12932815]

15. Flynn DL, Villamil CI, Becker DP, Gullikson GW, Moummi C, Yang D. (1992) 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidinones as scaffolds for construction of peptidomimetic cholecystokinin antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2(10): 1251-1256.

16. Gouldson P, Legoux P, Carillon C, Delpech B, Le Fur G, Ferrara P, Shire D. (2000) The agonist SR 146131 and the antagonist SR 27897 occupy different sites on the human CCK(1) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol, 400 (2-3): 185-94. [PMID:10988332]

17. Gully D, Fréhel D, Marcy C, Spinazzé A, Lespy L, Neliat G, Maffrand JP, Le Fur G. (1993) Peripheral biological activity of SR 27897: a new potent non-peptide antagonist of CCKA receptors. Eur J Pharmacol, 232 (1): 13-9. [PMID:7681406]

18. Henke BR, Aquino CJ, Birkemo LS, Croom DK, Dougherty Jr RW, Ervin GN, Grizzle MK, Hirst GC, James MK, Johnson MF et al.. (1997) Optimization of 3-(1H-indazol-3-ylmethyl)-1,5-benzodiazepines as potent, orally active CCK-A agonists. J Med Chem, 40 (17): 2706-25. [PMID:9276016]

19. Hughes J, Boden P, Costall B, Domeney A, Kelly E, Horwell DC, Hunter JC, Pinnock RD, Woodruff GN. (1990) Development of a class of selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonists having potent anxiolytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 87 (17): 6728-32. [PMID:1975695]

20. Innis RB, Snyder SH. (1980) Distinct cholecystokinin receptors in brain and pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 77 (11): 6917-21. [PMID:6256771]

21. Ito H, Sogabe H, Nakarai T, Sato Y, Tomoi M, Kadowaki M, Matsuo M, Tokoro K, Yoshida K. (1994) Pharmacological profile of FK480, a novel cholecystokinin type-A receptor antagonist: comparison to loxiglumide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 268 (2): 571-5. [PMID:7509389]

22. Iwamoto Y, Yamamoto R, Kuzuya T. (1987) CR-1409: a potent inhibitor of cholecystokinin-stimulated amylase release and cholecystokinin binding in rat pancreatic acini. Pancreas, 2 (1): 85-90. [PMID:2437574]

23. Ji B, Bi Y, Simeone D, Mortensen RM, Logsdon CD. (2001) Human pancreatic acinar cells lack functional responses to cholecystokinin and gastrin. Gastroenterology, 121 (6): 1380-90. [PMID:11729117]

24. Kanagawa K, Nakamura H, Murata I, Yosikawa I, Otsuki M. (2002) Increased gastric acid secretion in cholecystokinin-1 receptor-deficient Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Scand J Gastroenterol, 37 (1): 9-16. [PMID:11843043]

25. Kennedy K, Escrieut C, Dufresne M, Clerc P, Vaysse N, Fourmy D. (1995) Identification of a region of the N-terminal of the human CCKA receptor essential for the high affinity interaction with agonist CCK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 213 (3): 845-52. [PMID:7654246]

26. Lacourse KA, Lay JM, Swanberg LJ, Jenkins C, Samuelson LC. (1997) Molecular structure of the mouse CCK-A receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 236 (3): 630-5. [PMID:9245702]

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