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Gene and Protein Information ![]() |
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Species | TM | P Loops | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
Human | 3 | 1 | 902 | 11q22.3 | GRIA4 | glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 | |
Mouse | 3 | 1 | 902 | 9 2.46 cM | Gria4 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4) | |
Rat | 3 | 1 | 902 | 8q11 | Gria4 | glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 |
Previous and Unofficial Names ![]() |
GluR4 | GluRD | AMPA-selective glutamate receptor 4 | glutamate receptor 4 | spkw1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 4 | glutamate receptor |
Database Links ![]() |
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Alphafold | P48058 (Hs), Q9Z2W8 (Mm), P19493 (Rn) |
ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL3190 (Hs), CHEMBL2096617 (Mm), CHEMBL3505 (Rn) |
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000152578 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000025892 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000006957 (Rn) |
Entrez Gene | 2893 (Hs), 14802 (Mm), 29629 (Rn) |
Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000152578 (Hs) |
KEGG Gene | hsa:2893 (Hs), mmu:14802 (Mm), rno:29629 (Rn) |
OMIM | 138246 (Hs) |
Pharos | P48058 (Hs) |
RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_001077243 (Hs), NM_001112812 (Hs), NM_000829 (Hs), NM_001077244 (Hs), NM_019691 (Mm), NM_001113180 (Mm), NM_017263 (Rn), NM_001113184 (Rn) |
RefSeq Protein | NP_001106283 (Hs), NP_000820 (Hs), NP_001070712 (Hs), NP_001070711 (Hs), NP_001106651 (Mm), NP_062665 (Mm), NP_001106655 (Rn), NP_058959 (Rn) |
UniProtKB | P48058 (Hs), Q9Z2W8 (Mm), P19493 (Rn) |
Wikipedia | GRIA4 (Hs) |
Natural/Endogenous Ligands ![]() |
L-glutamic acid |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file
Agonists | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Antagonists | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Channel Blockers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Allosteric Modulators | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Biologically Significant Variants ![]() |
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Biologically Significant Variant Comments | ||||||||||||
GluA4 exists as alternatively spliced ‘flip’ and ‘flop’ isoforms which differ with respect to a cassette of 35 amino acids in the extracellular loop between M3 and M4 [3,11]. Tetrameric receptors assembled from the ‘flip’ isoform enter the desensitized state more slowly, and recover more quickly, than those formed from the ‘flop’ isoform [4,9]. RNA editing (AGA->IGA) occurs at a codon for arginine (unedited), or glycine (edited) at a locus with the extracellular loop that immediately precedes the alternatively spliced ‘flip’ and ‘flop’ modules. Edited channels recover from desensitization at a faster rate than those that are unedited [6]. The human GluA4 subunit may exist as ‘short’ and ‘long’ splice variants that differ in their C terminal sequence [2,5]. |
1. Fletcher EJ, Nutt SL, Hoo KH, Elliott CE, Korczak B, McWhinnie EA, Kamboj RK. (1995) Cloning, expression and pharmacological characterization of a human glutamate receptor: hGluR4. Recept Channels, 3 (1): 21-31. [PMID:8589990]
2. Gallo V, Upson LM, Hayes WP, Vyklicky L, Winters CA, Buonanno A. (1992) Molecular cloning and development analysis of a new glutamate receptor subunit isoform in cerebellum. J Neurosci, 12 (3): 1010-23. [PMID:1372042]
3. Keinänen K, Wisden W, Sommer B, Werner P, Herb A, Verdoorn TA, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH. (1990) A family of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors. Science, 249 (4968): 556-60. [PMID:2166337]
4. Koike M, Tsukada S, Tsuzuki K, Kijima H, Ozawa S. (2000) Regulation of kinetic properties of GluR2 AMPA receptor channels by alternative splicing. J Neurosci, 20 (6): 2166-74. [PMID:10704491]
5. Köhler M, Kornau HC, Seeburg PH. (1994) The organization of the gene for the functionally dominant alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor subunit GluR-B. J Biol Chem, 269 (26): 17367-70. [PMID:7545935]
6. Lomeli H, Mosbacher J, Melcher T, Höger T, Geiger JR, Kuner T, Monyer H, Higuchi M, Bach A, Seeburg PH. (1994) Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing. Science, 266 (5191): 1709-13. [PMID:7992055]
7. McNamara JO, Eubanks JH, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Evans GA, Heinemann SF. (1992) Chromosomal localization of human glutamate receptor genes. J Neurosci, 12 (7): 2555-62. [PMID:1319477]
8. Miu P, Jarvie KR, Radhakrishnan V, Gates MR, Ogden A, Ornstein PL, Zarrinmayeh H, Ho K, Peters D, Grabell J et al.. (2001) Novel AMPA receptor potentiators LY392098 and LY404187: effects on recombinant human AMPA receptors in vitro. Neuropharmacology, 40 (8): 976-83. [PMID:11406188]
9. Mosbacher J, Schoepfer R, Monyer H, Burnashev N, Seeburg PH, Ruppersberg JP. (1994) A molecular determinant for submillisecond desensitization in glutamate receptors. Science, 266 (5187): 1059-62. [PMID:7973663]
10. Sakimura K, Morita T, Kushiya E, Mishina M. (1992) Primary structure and expression of the gamma 2 subunit of the glutamate receptor channel selective for kainate. Neuron, 8 (2): 267-74. [PMID:1310861]
11. Sommer B, Keinänen K, Verdoorn TA, Wisden W, Burnashev N, Herb A, Köhler M, Takagi T, Sakmann B, Seeburg PH. (1990) Flip and flop: a cell-specific functional switch in glutamate-operated channels of the CNS. Science, 249 (4976): 1580-5. [PMID:1699275]
12. Sommer B, Köhler M, Sprengel R, Seeburg PH. (1991) RNA editing in brain controls a determinant of ion flow in glutamate-gated channels. Cell, 67 (1): 11-9. [PMID:1717158]