Contents:
Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | - | 383 | 1q32.1 | CHI3L1 | chitinase 3 like 1 | 7 |
| Mouse | - | 389 | 1 58.15 cM | Chi3l1 | chitinase 3 like 1 | |
| Rat | - | 381 | 13q13 | Chi3l1 | chitinase 3 like 1 | |
| Gene and Protein Information Comments | ||||||
| A longer transcript from the rat gene generating a longer protein isoform (NP_001296749, 931 aa) has been identified. | ||||||
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| Chil1 | chitinase-like 1 | cartilage glycoprotein-39 | cGP-39 | GP-39 | GP39 | YKL40 | Ym-1 |
| Database Links |
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| Alphafold | P36222 (Hs), Q61362 (Mm), Q9WTV1 (Rn) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000133048 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000064246 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000053272 (Rn) |
| Entrez Gene | 1116 (Hs), 12654 (Mm), 89824 (Rn) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000133048 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:1116 (Hs), mmu:12654 (Mm), rno:89824 (Rn) |
| OMIM | 601525 (Hs) |
| Pharos | P36222 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_001276 (Hs), NM_007695 (Mm), NM_053560 (Rn), NM_001309820 (Rn) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_001267 (Hs), NP_031721 (Mm), NP_446012 (Rn), NP_001296749 (Rn) |
| UniProtKB | P36222 (Hs), Q61362 (Mm), Q9WTV1 (Rn) |
| Wikipedia | CHI3L1 (Hs) |
| Immunopharmacology Comments |
| CHI3L1 is recognised as a proinflammatory mediator in the development and progression of Th2 inflammation, such as in allergic reactions [1]. CHI3L1 negatively regulates Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions, and silencing the gene enhances Th1 and CTL functions [4]. It is being considered as a novel drug target for immuno-oncology and inflammatory indications. Chi3l1 is reported to bind to interleukin-13 receptor α2 in a complex that also contains IL-13. It may be formation of this complex that mediates Chi3l1 effector responses [3]. |
| Cell Type Associations | ||||||||
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| Immuno Process Associations | ||
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| Biologically Significant Variants
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| General Comments |
| Despite being included as a member of the chitinase family, CHI3L1 is devoid of chitinase activity, and is included here as a 'Chitinase-like peptide'. It is secreted by activated macrophages, chondrocytes, neutrophils and synovial cells. CHI3L1 plays a role in innate immunity against pathogens [2] and has been associated with asthma [8] and cancer [5-6] via regulation of the Th2 inflammatory pathway. |
References
1. Cai Y, Kumar RK, Zhou J, Foster PS, Webb DC. (2009) Ym1/2 promotes Th2 cytokine expression by inhibiting 12/15(S)-lipoxygenase: identification of a novel pathway for regulating allergic inflammation. J Immunol, 182 (9): 5393-9. [PMID:19380786]
2. Dela Cruz CS, Liu W, He CH, Jacoby A, Gornitzky A, Ma B, Flavell R, Lee CG, Elias JA. (2012) Chitinase 3-like-1 promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae killing and augments host tolerance to lung antibacterial responses. Cell Host Microbe, 12 (1): 34-46. [PMID:22817986]
3. He CH, Lee CG, Dela Cruz CS, Lee CM, Zhou Y, Ahangari F, Ma B, Herzog EL, Rosenberg SA, Li Y et al.. (2013) Chitinase 3-like 1 regulates cellular and tissue responses via IL-13 receptor α2. Cell Rep, 4 (4): 830-41. [PMID:23972995]
4. Kim DH, Park HJ, Lim S, Koo JH, Lee HG, Choi JO, Oh JH, Ha SJ, Kang MJ, Lee CM et al.. (2018) Regulation of chitinase-3-like-1 in T cell elicits Th1 and cytotoxic responses to inhibit lung metastasis. Nat Commun, 9 (1): 503. [PMID:29403003]
5. Lee CG, Hartl D, Lee GR, Koller B, Matsuura H, Da Silva CA, Sohn MH, Cohn L, Homer RJ, Kozhich AA et al.. (2009) Role of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39)/chitinase 3-like-1 in Th2 and IL-13-induced tissue responses and apoptosis. J Exp Med, 206 (5): 1149-66. [PMID:19414556]
6. Ma B, Herzog EL, Lee CG, Peng X, Lee CM, Chen X, Rockwell S, Koo JS, Kluger H, Herbst RS et al.. (2015) Role of chitinase 3-like-1 and semaphorin 7a in pulmonary melanoma metastasis. Cancer Res, 75 (3): 487-96. [PMID:25511377]
7. Rehli M, Krause SW, Andreesen R. (1997) Molecular characterization of the gene for human cartilage gp-39 (CHI3L1), a member of the chitinase protein family and marker for late stages of macrophage differentiation. Genomics, 43 (2): 221-5. [PMID:9244440]
8. Xu Q, Chai SJ, Qian YY, Zhang M, Wang K. (2012) Breast regression protein-39 (BRP-39) promotes dendritic cell maturation in vitro and enhances Th2 inflammation in murine model of asthma. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 33 (12): 1525-32. [PMID:23178461]
How to cite this page
Chitinase-like proteins: chitinase 3 like 1. Last modified on 13/02/2018. Accessed on 16/04/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, https://www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2987.
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