Contents:
Gene and Protein Information  |
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| class A G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 7 | 322 | 11p15.1 | MRGPRX3 | MAS related GPR family member X3 | |
| Gene and Protein Information Comments | ||||||
| Mrgprx3 is a pseudogene in mouse | ||||||
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
|
| MrgA | Mrgpra | Mrga10 | SNSR1 [6] | Sensory neuron-specific G protein-coupled receptor 1 | |
| Database Links |
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| Specialist databases | |
| GPCRdb | mrgx3_human (Hs) |
| Other databases | |
| Alphafold | Q96LB0 (Hs) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4523905 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000179826 (Hs) |
| Entrez Gene | 117195 (Hs) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000179826 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:117195 (Hs) |
| OMIM | 607229 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q96LB0 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_054031 (Hs) |
| RefSeq Protein | NP_473372 (Hs) |
| UniProtKB | Q96LB0 (Hs) |
| Wikipedia | MRGPRX3 (Hs) |
| Primary Transduction Mechanisms
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| Transducer | Effector/Response |
| Gq/G11 family | Phospholipase C stimulation |
| References: 2 | |
| Biologically Significant Variants
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| General Comments |
| Of the eight human Mas-related GPCRs (MRGs), four (MRGPRD, MRGPRE, MRGPRF and MRGPRG) have clear orthologues in rodents, whereas the cluster of genes including human MRGPRX1, MRGPRX2, MRGPRX3 and MRGPRX4 is found only in primates and is replaced in rodents with a family of genes (>25 in mice, ~10 in rats) which have no obvious human counterparts [3]. Certain rodent MRGs have been reported to respond to adenine [1] and to RF-amide peptides including neuropeptide FF [4-5] but the relevance of these findings to man is unclear. MRGs are expressed predominantly in small diameter sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, where there is emerging evidence that they may be mediators of histamine-independent itch [7-8]. |
References
1. Bender E, Buist A, Jurzak M, Langlois X, Baggerman G, Verhasselt P, Ercken M, Guo HQ, Wintmolders C, Van den Wyngaert I et al.. (2002) Characterization of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor localized in the dorsal root ganglia reveals adenine as a signaling molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99 (13): 8573-8. [PMID:12084918]
2. Burstein ES, Ott TR, Feddock M, Ma JN, Fuhs S, Wong S, Schiffer HH, Brann MR, Nash NR. (2006) Characterization of the Mas-related gene family: structural and functional conservation of human and rhesus MrgX receptors. Br J Pharmacol, 147 (1): 73-82. [PMID:16284629]
3. Dong X, Han S, Zylka MJ, Simon MI, Anderson DJ. (2001) A diverse family of GPCRs expressed in specific subsets of nociceptive sensory neurons. Cell, 106 (5): 619-32. [PMID:11551509]
4. Han SK, Dong X, Hwang JI, Zylka MJ, Anderson DJ, Simon MI. (2002) Orphan G protein-coupled receptors MrgA1 and MrgC11 are distinctively activated by RF-amide-related peptides through the Galpha q/11 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99 (23): 14740-5. [PMID:12397184]
5. Lee MG, Dong X, Liu Q, Patel KN, Choi OH, Vonakis B, Undem BJ. (2008) Agonists of the MAS-related gene (Mrgs) orphan receptors as novel mediators of mast cell-sensory nerve interactions. J Immunol, 180 (4): 2251-5. [PMID:18250432]
6. Lembo PM, Grazzini E, Groblewski T, O'Donnell D, Roy MO, Zhang J, Hoffert C, Cao J, Schmidt R, Pelletier M et al.. (2002) Proenkephalin A gene products activate a new family of sensory neuron--specific GPCRs. Nat Neurosci, 5 (3): 201-9. [PMID:11850634]
7. Liu Q, Tang Z, Surdenikova L, Kim S, Patel KN, Kim A, Ru F, Guan Y, Weng HJ, Geng Y, Undem BJ, Kollarik M, Chen ZF, Anderson DJ, Dong X. (2009) Sensory neuron-specific GPCR Mrgprs are itch receptors mediating chloroquine-induced pruritus. Cell, 139 (7): 1353-65. [PMID:20004959]
8. Wilson SR, Gerhold KA, Bifolck-Fisher A, Liu Q, Patel KN, Dong X, Bautista DM. (2011) TRPA1 is required for histamine-independent, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-mediated itch. Nat Neurosci, 14 (5): 595-602. [PMID:21460831]
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