clonidine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 516

Synonyms: Catapres® | Kapvay®
Approved drug PDB Ligand
clonidine is an approved drug (FDA (1974))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Clonidine is an α2 adrenoceptor agonist.
The structure shown here is in the amino form. A tautomeric imino form, represented by CHEBI:3757 also exists.
Click here for help

Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

✖

View interactive charts of activity data across species

IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project (PEP) logo

View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: clonidine

2D Structure
Click here for help

2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

✖
Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
Click here for help

Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

✖
Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 2
Topological polar surface area 36.42
Molecular weight 229.02
XLogP 2.68
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
Click here for help

SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

✖
Canonical SMILES Clc1cccc(c1NC1=NCCN1)Cl
Isomeric SMILES Clc1cccc(c1NC1=NCCN1)Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
InChI Key GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Clonidine is a an imidazoline-derivative hypotensive agent with a variety of clinical uses including as an epidural infusion, for the prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea and management of severe cancer pain. In the US this drug is used to manage ADHD in children above 6 years of age.
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Clonidine has similar agonist affinity for all three α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs). The drug is able to cross the blood-brain barrier where it acts on presynaptic α2A- and α2C-ARs to inhibit the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves. This decreases sympathetic tone and results in decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Sedation and analgesia are mediated by centrally located α2A-ARs.