[Met]enkephalin   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1614

Synonyms: 1-5 Adrenorphin | [Met]-enkephalin | IRT-101 | methionine enkephalin | np2 enkephalin | opioid growth factor (OGF)
Immunopharmacology Ligand
Compound class: Endogenous peptide in human, mouse or rat
Comment: MET-enkephalin (MENK) is an endogenous opioid peptide. It exhibits agonist activity at the δ- and μ-opioid receptors. MENK produces immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, antinociceptive/analgesic, antidepressant, and gastrointestinal motility modulating activities. It has cytostatic activity vs. cancer cells and may help recruit NK cells to kill tumour cells [3,5,8].
Species: Human, Mouse, Rat
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species
2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES CSCCC(C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(cc1)O)N
Isomeric SMILES CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccccc1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(cc1)O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C27H35N5O7S/c1-40-12-11-21(27(38)39)32-26(37)22(14-17-5-3-2-4-6-17)31-24(35)16-29-23(34)15-30-25(36)20(28)13-18-7-9-19(33)10-8-18/h2-10,20-22,33H,11-16,28H2,1H3,(H,29,34)(H,30,36)(H,31,35)(H,32,37)(H,38,39)/t20-,21-,22-/m0/s1
InChI Key YFGBQHOOROIVKG-FKBYEOEOSA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
The immuno-regulating effects of MENK have been investigated for clinical utility in MS patients, and it has been trialled in cancer patients. EK-12 (Enkorten) is a combination of MENK + tridecactide (alpha-corticotropin 1-13, a.k.a. (Des-acetyl)-α-MSH), that is proposed as a potent immunomodulatory therapy. This is in active clinical trial for relapsing-remitting MS.

SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): EK-12 has also entered clinical trial in COVID-19 patients with moderate-severe disease in Bosnia.
Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial ID Title Type Source Comment References
NCT04374032 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of an Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Infection Phase 2/Phase 3 Interventional Bosnalijek D.D
NCT03283397 A Phase IIIb, Multicenter, International Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of EK-12 in Patients With RRMS Phase 3 Interventional Bosnalijek D.D