clonidine   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 516

Synonyms: Catapres® | Kapvay®
Approved drug PDB Ligand
clonidine is an approved drug (FDA (1974))
Compound class: Synthetic organic
Comment: Clonidine is an α2 adrenoceptor agonist.
The structure shown here is in the amino form. A tautomeric imino form, represented by CHEBI:3757 also exists.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: clonidine

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 2
Topological polar surface area 36.42
Molecular weight 229.02
XLogP 2.68
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES Clc1cccc(c1NC1=NCCN1)Cl
Isomeric SMILES Clc1cccc(c1NC1=NCCN1)Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14)
InChI Key GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Selectivity at GPCRs
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
α2A-adrenoceptor Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist Agonist 6.7 – 9.2 pKi - 1,5-7
⤷ pKi 6.7 – 9.2 [1,5-7]
α2B-adrenoceptor Primary target of this compound Hs Agonist Partial agonist 6.3 – 9.5 pKi - 1,5-7
⤷ pKi 6.3 – 9.5 [1,5-7]
α1D-adrenoceptor Rn Agonist Full agonist 6.9 pKi - 4
⤷ pKi 6.9 [4]
α2C-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 6.0 – 7.8 pKi - 1,5-7
⤷ pKi 6.0 – 7.8 [1,5-7]
α1D-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 5.6 pKi - 8
⤷ pKi 5.6 [8]
α2A-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 6.4 – 9.0 pEC50 - 1,7
⤷ pEC50 9.0 [7]
Description: increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation
pEC50 7.6 [1]
Description: GTPγs binding
pEC50 6.4 [7]
Description: increased cAMP generation
α2B-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 7.4 – 8.0 pEC50 - 7
⤷ pEC50 8.0 [7]
Description: ERK1/2 phosphorylation
pEC50 7.4 [7]
Description: cAMP generation
α2C-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 4.6 – 7.8 pEC50 - 3,7
⤷ pEC50 7.8 [7]
Description: ERK1/2 phosphorylation
pEC50 4.6 – 6.7 [3]
Description: 4.64 =value for β-arrestin recruitment and internalization
α2B-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 8.6 pIC50 - 7
⤷ pIC50 8.6 [7]
Description: inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP generation
α2A-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 8.2 pIC50 - 7
⤷ pIC50 8.2 [7]
Description: inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP generation
α2C-adrenoceptor Hs Agonist Agonist 7.5 – 7.7 pIC50 - 3,7
⤷ pIC50 7.5 – 7.7 [3,7]
Description: inhibition of cAMP production
Selectivity at ion channels
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
HCN2 Mm Channel blocker Antagonist 5.1 pIC50 - 2
⤷ pIC50 5.1 (IC50 8.09x10-6 M) [2]
Voltage: -40.0 mV
HCN4 Mm Channel blocker Antagonist 5.0 pIC50 - 2
⤷ pIC50 5.0 (IC50 9.68x10-6 M) [2]
Voltage: -40.0 mV
HCN1 Mm Channel blocker Antagonist 4.4 pIC50 - 2
⤷ pIC50 4.4 [2]
Voltage: -40.0 mV
Selectivity at transporters
Key to terms and symbols Click column headers to sort
Target Sp. Type Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Reference
Organic cation transporter 1 Hs Inhibitor Inhibition 6.3 pKi - 9
⤷ pKi 6.3 (Ki 5.5x10-7 M) [9]
Ligand mentioned in the following text fields
Adrenoceptors overview