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linoleic acid   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 1052

Synonyms: C18:2 | linoleate | linolic acid | telfairic acid
PDB Ligand
Compound class: Metabolite
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

linoleic acid is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Click here for structure editor
Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/). All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 2
Hydrogen bond donors 1
Rotatable bonds 14
Topological polar surface area 37.3
Molecular weight 280.24
XLogP 7.87
No. Lipinski's rules broken 2

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)

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Canonical SMILES CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O
Isomeric SMILES CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)O
InChI InChI=1S/C18H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6-,10-9-
InChI Key OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N

Generated using the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) (Willighagen EL et al. Journal of Cheminformatics vol. 9:33. 2017, doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4; https://cdk.github.io/)
References
1. Briscoe CP, Peat AJ, McKeown SC, Corbett DF, Goetz AS, Littleton TR, McCoy DC, Kenakin TP, Andrews JL, Ammala C et al.. (2006)
Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules.
Br J Pharmacol, 148 (5): 619-28. [PMID:16702987]
2. Briscoe CP, Tadayyon M, Andrews JL, Benson WG, Chambers JK, Eilert MM, Ellis C, Elshourbagy NA, Goetz AS, Minnick DT et al.. (2003)
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids.
J Biol Chem, 278 (13): 11303-11. [PMID:12496284]
3. Ferry G, Bruneau V, Beauverger P, Goussard M, Rodriguez M, Lamamy V, Dromaint S, Canet E, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA. (2001)
Binding of prostaglandins to human PPARgamma: tool assessment and new natural ligands.
Eur J Pharmacol, 417 (1-2): 77-89. [PMID:11301062]
4. Itoh Y, Kawamata Y, Harada M, Kobayashi M, Fujii R, Fukusumi S, Ogi K, Hosoya M, Tanaka Y, Uejima H et al.. (2003)
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40.
Nature, 422 (6928): 173-6. [PMID:12629551]
5. Kotarsky K, Nilsson NE, Flodgren E, Owman C, Olde B. (2003)
A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 301 (2): 406-10. [PMID:12565875]
6. Lesage F, Terrenoire C, Romey G, Lazdunski M. (2000)
Human TREK2, a 2P domain mechano-sensitive K+ channel with multiple regulations by polyunsaturated fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and Gs, Gi, and Gq protein-coupled receptors.
J Biol Chem, 275 (37): 28398-405. [PMID:10880510]
7. McKay MC, Worley JF. (2001)
Linoleic acid both enhances activation and blocks Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 channels by two separate mechanisms.
Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol, 281 (4): C1277-84. [PMID:11546665]
8. Richieri GV, Ogata RT, Kleinfeld AM. (1994)
Equilibrium constants for the binding of fatty acids with fatty acid-binding proteins from adipocyte, intestine, heart, and liver measured with the fluorescent probe ADIFAB.
J Biol Chem, 269 (39): 23918-30. [PMID:7929039]
9. Richieri GV, Ogata RT, Zimmerman AW, Veerkamp JH, Kleinfeld AM. (2000)
Fatty acid binding proteins from different tissues show distinct patterns of fatty acid interactions.
Biochemistry, 39 (24): 7197-204. [PMID:10852718]
10. Yu C, Chen L, Luo H, Chen J, Cheng F, Gui C, Zhang R, Shen J, Chen K, Jiang H, Shen X. (2004)
Binding analyses between Human PPARgamma-LBD and ligands.
Eur J Biochem, 271 (2): 386-97. [PMID:14717706]
11. Yuan X, Ta TC, Lin M, Evans JR, Dong Y, Bolotin E, Sherman MA, Forman BM, Sladek FM. (2009)
Identification of an endogenous ligand bound to a native orphan nuclear receptor.
PLoS ONE, 4 (5): e5609. [PMID:19440305]